229—48 SIAYALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
therefore, has a wide range in space, though it is extremely doubtful if it was ever 
obtained from Southern India. 
First upper milk-molar.- — The small tooth represented in fig. 5 of Plate 
XXXVII is the first upper milk-molar of a tetralophodont Mastodon, as may at 
once be seen by a comparison of the specimen with the palate of a young Mastodon 
figured by the late Professor Kaup.^ The first milk-molars of Masto- 
dons are so alike, that it is a matter of extreme difficulty to refer them to their res- 
pective species. In the present instance there are, however, two points from the 
evidence of which the tooth may with a tolerable degree of certainty be referred to 
the present species. 
The tooth belongs to the left side of the jaw, and is of a triangularly oval 
shape, narrower in front than behind ; the crown bears two transverse ridges and 
an anterior talon or cingulum. The hinder ridge is divided into two distinct 
columns by a median cleft ; the anterior ridge consists of a single thick and blunt 
cone. The enamel is thrown into a series of corrugations. The length of this tooth 
is I' 2 inches, its greatest width I inch, and the height of the hinder ridge *6 inch. 
In a note to Plate XL, fig. 1, of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” Dr. Falconer 
notices the left upper jaw of a young M. latidens, containing the first and second 
milk-molars. The first milk-molar has two ridges and a heel, and is oval-shaped. In 
having a heel or talon, the tooth of tjiat specimen agrees with our figured specimen ; 
the absence of a talon in another first upper milk-molar from the Siwaliks, which 
I have referred to M. perimensis, shows that that tooth cannot belong to M. latidens. 
The corrugated enamel is a character common to some of the later milk-molars of 
M. latidens, and does not occur in either Ml. perimensis or M. sivalensis. On these 
grounds I have referred the figured tooth to M. latidens. 
In the Indian Museum there is another tooth ^similar to the figured specimen ; 
both were obtained^from the Punjab. 
First lower milk-molar . — I cannot find any tooth in the Indian Museum which 
I can with any certainty consider as the first lower milk-molar of this species, 
neither is there any specimen figured in the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.” 
Second upper milk-molar . — The next tooth for consideration is the specimen 
represented in fig. 4 of the last quoted plate, which was collected by Mr. Theobald in 
the Western Punjab. This tooth has its crown narrower in front than behind, and 
rudely oblong in form ; it carries three transverse ridges, and fore-and-aft talons, 
the hinder one being somewhat broken. It presents a small disc of pressure ante- 
riorly and a larger posteriorly, indicating the apposition of other contiguous teeth. 
The enamel is thrown into vertical corrugations. The ridges and valleys are perfectly 
straight and simple, the latter being entirely free from outlying tubercles ; the ridges 
are very blunt and low, and are divided into outer and inner columns by a longitu- 
dinal cleft ; the hindmost ridge is scarcely touched by wear. The middle ridge 
forms the highest point of the crown, showing that the tooth belongs to the 
' “ Ossements Fossiles du Museum de Darmstadt,” PI. xvi, figs. 1, la. 
