233—52 
&IWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
First upper true molar.— -Oi the first upper true molar, we have no complete speci- 
men in the collection of the Indian Museum. A tooth is, however, represented 
in figs. Sand 3a of Plate XL of the ‘‘Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” considered by 
Palconer to he the first true molar, and which I also think is so, as it is consi- 
derably larger than the third milk-molar represented in figs. 2 and 2a of the 
same plate of that work. The length of the first upper true molar is 4 inches, and 
its width 2*3 inches. The length of this tooth, it will be observed, is not much in 
excess of that of the third upper milk-molar from the Punjab described above, and 
it is probable that Palconer’ s first true molar, like the last milk-molar figured on 
the same plate, belonged to a female individual. The first true molar carries four 
ridges and two talons, and agrees in all essential characters with the upper milk- 
molars described above. We have already referred to the fragment of the maxilla 
of M. latidens which is represented in figs. 3 and 3a of Plate XXXI of the 
“Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” and have shown that the first of the two teeth con- 
tained in that specimen is in all probability the last milk-molar. The succeeding 
tooth in that sj)ecimen must consequently be the first true molar. This tooth is 
quite different from the last-mentioned first true molar; it differs from that 
tooth in being larger, and, in place of carrying only fom* transverse ridges, carries 
five distinct transverse ridges and two talons ; the tooth narrows behind, and has 
the general form of a last, in place of a first, true molar. The length of this tooth 
is 5’6 inches, and its greatest width 2’9 inches. In regard to width, therefore, this 
tooth has a relative size corresponding to that of the last upper milk-molar represented 
in fig. 8 of Plate XXXVII of this memoir, and probably belonged to a male animal. 
The additional ridge, and the great size of the hind-talon of the first true molar 
represented in the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” can only be looked upon as abnor- 
malities. We shall see presently that a corresponding abnormality occasionally 
shows itself in the succeeding molars of this species. 
First loioer true molar. — Of the first lower true molar of Mastodon latidens 
there is no complete specimen either in the collection of the Indian Museum or 
among the teeth figured in the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis.” 
Second upper true molar. — The large molar represented in fig. 2 of 
Plate XXXVIII belongs to a splendid specimen of the palate of Mastodon latidens 
obtained from a Burmese Pagoda by Sir Arthur Phayre, and by him presented to the 
Museum of the Indian Geological Survey (now Indian Museum) . This palate con- 
tains the second true molar of either side (of which the right is figured), and the 
first ridge of each of the last true molars. The molars in this palate, as well as in 
another splendid specimen, with the corresponding teeth, in the Indian Museum, 
collected by Mr. Theobald in the Punjab, converge anteriorly to a greater extent than 
occurs in any other species of the genus, and present in this respect a similar relation 
to that which v^e find prevailing in the Stegodons and true elephants. The figured 
tooth is in a medium state of wear, the hind-talon being still scarcely touched. 
There is a small anterior talon and a very large posterior talon,' the latter indeed 
