SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PEOBOSCIDIA. 
65—246 
slender jaw of M. latidens noticed above, and I do not think from its form that it 
belonged to Jf. falconeri ; if it does not belong to 31. ^erimensis, it therefore must 
belong to a new species. 
Cranium. — In noticing the cranium of M. perimensis figured in Plate XXXVIII 
of the “Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” Dr. Palconer makes the following remarks : — 
“ The cranium is in many respects singularly perfect, although it has suffered from 
a crushing force, which has forced in the temples, so as to have contracted to a few 
inches the inter-temporal portion of the forehead. The ascending ramus of the lower 
jaw on either side is in situ, with the coronoid process and condyle, and what is more 
remarkable, the greater part of the hyoid bone lies upon the sphenoid. The atlas 
also was found attached to the condyles. The teeth are completely hammered down 
to the margin of the alveoli. The most remarkable character of all about this head 
is the low height of the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, which are very little 
higher than the condyles, and the comparatively little elevation of the condyles 
above the palate. The interval between the plane of the lower surface of the 
condyles and that of the palate is only 5 inches, the height of the occiput 
being 22 inches. This is very much as in the North American Mastodon, and 
even more so, so that the plane of the grinder does not differ much from that of 
the condyles, thus showing a tendency in the direction of Dinotherium and the 
Trilophodon Mastodon ohioticus {maximus). The pterygoids rise with a sharp 
posterior border, aad do not spread out into a flap over the posterior border of the 
maxillary. They are not rugous as (in) M. ohioticus, nor are they so far (proportion- 
ably) extended behind. There are two large palatine foramina near the end of the 
molar. The molars (aUov ing perhaps for some distortion from pressure) run parallel 
and do not at any rate diverge in the remarkable way exhibited by M. ohioticus ; 
perhaps they are less divergent even than in M. sivalensis. The palate looks long. 
On either side are two molars, the penultimate and last true. The tusks exhibit an 
oval outline in section.” ' 
The length of the last molar is only 7‘4 inches, so that this cranium must have 
belonged to a much smaller individual than that to which the last upper molar figured 
in the accompanying plates (Plate XLII), or than that to which the mandible noticed 
above, belonged. It is probable that the Perim Island skull, together with the last 
lower molar figured on the adjoining plate of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” 
belonged to a female. I beheve that no complete specimen of the cranium of Mas- 
todon longirostis has hitherto been discovered, so that we are unable to compare the 
cranium of the latter and that of M. perimensis. Kaup has, however, figured^ a speci- 
men of the palate of the former species with the penultimate and last true molars ; 
and if that figure be compared with the palate of M. perimensis represented in the 
“ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” it will be seen that the molars in the former are mueh 
less closely approximated than in the latter, and appear to be somewhat proportion- 
ately wider. 
Loc. cit. PI. XVI, fig. 5. 
