SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
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liiglier than their inner sides ; they are, however, so much worn that the exposed 
dentine surfaces have almost the same width throughout. The fifth and sixth 
ridges show traces of two constrictions. The hind-talon is just perforated by wear.* 
The crenulations of the enamel show that the ridges carried a considerable number 
of cusps ; while the extremities of the ridges show that they were low and broad. 
The length of the tooth is 4'9 inches and its greatest width 2-9 inches. 
In all the above characters, as well as in its great proportionate width, the tooth 
agrees with the first true molar of Stegodon cliftii : and I have little doubt that it 
belongs to that species. It is true that the first true molar of /S', cliftii has no 
hind -talon ; the second true molar of that species, however, has a large hind-talon,^ 
the absence or presence of which must accordingly be considered as of no import- 
ance. It now only remains to consider the serial position of the tooth. If we turn 
to the posthumous description of the plates of the “ Banna Antiqua Sivalensis,”^ we 
shall find that the first upper true molar of S. cliftii has a length of 6T and a width 
of 3*3 inches. The Punjab tooth must consequently be the last milk-molar, as it is 
so much smaller than the first true molar : all the previously known teeth of the 
species are of unusually large size, in which respect the second and third milk-molars 
agree with them. The third milk-molar of this species, in having six ridges, accords 
with the prediction of Dr. Falconer that such would probably be the case when 
the tooth was discovered. This tooth agrees with the Chinese second milk-molar in 
the crenulations of the exposed ridges of the enamel. 
A specimen of the palate of Stegodon cliftii figured in Plate XXX, fig. 1, of 
the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis” shows a very much worn third milk-molar, the 
ridges of which have been completely ground down. The length of this fragmentary 
tooth is 3 ’3 inches and its width 2 inches, but when complete, it must have been 
much larger, and would probably then have agreed in size with the tooth which I 
have described above. 
First upper true molar. — As we have already seen, a complete specimen of the 
first upper true molar of Stegodon cliftii is represented in fig. 2 of Plate XXX of the 
Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” and is described in the following words by Dr. Falconer : 
“ This is the first or antepenultimate true molar, upper jaw, left side, entire, detach- 
ed, and beautifully preserved. It has six ridges and a small hind-talon. The tooth 
is nearly oblong. The enamel is somewhat fluted, and there is very little cement. 
There is very little convexity of the tooth across, and no distinct indication of the 
mesial dividing line. There are as many as eleven to twelve denticles or points 
(cusps). The tooth is compressed and angular in front, and the three front ridges are 
worn. This tooth is also represented in fig. 6 (Plate XXXIX) of Mr. Clift’s memoir. 
It is there described as Mastodon elephant oides. Its elephantine afiinities are 
indicated by the absence of a longitudinal line of division along the crown, and by 
the greater number of points (cusps) that enter into the composition of the ridges. 
Length 6‘1, width in front 3", width behind 3‘3 inches.” 
» F. A. S., PI. XXX, fig. 3.- * Hid., p. 42 (Index). 
