263—82 
SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PEOBOSCIDIA. 
Second lower milk-molar . — Of the second lower milk-molar of S. bombifrons 
there is no specimen figured in the “ Bauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” neither is any 
mention of this tooth made in any of Balconer's subsequent memoirs. The speci- 
men represented in Plate XLVI, fig. 3, of this memoir, is undoubtedly the second 
lower milk-molar of a Stegodon, and in all probability of S. bombifrons. It was 
obtained by Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Punjab. The tooth is a germ 
specimen of the crown, entirely untouched by wear : it is much narrower in front 
than behind, and very concave on one side, from which characters I infer that the 
tooth belonged to the lower jaw. The concave side will he the outer, and the tooth 
will consequently belong to the left ramus of the mandible. Its size proves it to 
he a second milk-molar, while the unbroken transverse ridges, with very little 
cement, shows that it must belong to a Stegodon. 
This tooth carries four complete transverse ridges, increasing in width regularly 
from the first to the last. There is a very small anterior talon carrying ‘two cusps, 
and a larger posterior talon, the number of cusps on which is concealed by matrix. 
The first ridge carries six cusps, and the second seven : the number of cusps on the 
two succeeding ridges cannot he clearly ascertained. The two first ridges are not 
quite straight ; each ridge is low and blunt, and very broad at the base : cement 
is present in the valleys in small quantities. The central point of each ridge is 
the highest. In the following table the dimensions of this tooth are compared 
with those of the second lower milk- molar of Stegodon insignis, which will he 
described in the sequel. 
' S', bombifrons, S. insignis. 
Length of tooth ............ 2'2 2'7 
Width of first ridge I'O I'Oo 
Ditto of last ditto 1‘4 1‘55 
Height of last ditto 07 1‘05 
Antero-posterior diameter of base of ridge 0'5 O'o 
Interval between summits of penultimate and last ridges 0'46 0'35 
Prom this table it will he seen that the tooth under consideration differs from the 
corresponding milk-molar of S. insignis (including S. ganesa) by the ridges being 
lower and wider, and placed farther apart from one another. The two teeth further 
differ in that the second lower milk-molar of S. insignis has a larger quantity of 
cement, and five in place of four ridges (see below). In its smaller number of 
ridges and in their form the Punjab tooth agrees with the characters of the molars 
of S. bombifrons as given by Palconer, and I have, therefore, no doubt in referring 
it to that species. 
The second upper (and probably therefore the corresponding lower) milk-molar 
of Stegodon cliftii (see above, and Plate XLV, fig. 2) corresponds, as far as regards 
the number of ridges carried by the crown, with the corresponding tooth of S. boni- 
bifrons, but is distinguished, among other characters, by one side of each ridge being 
higher than the other, by the still greater thickness of the ridges, as well as by the 
form of the anterior talon, and the greater size of the whole tooth. 
