'271—90 
SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PEOBOSCIDIA. 
aft talons. The anterior talon is connected by a longitudinal ridge with the inner 
extremity of the first true ridge. Each transverse ridge is tall and slender, and is 
highest along the median line ; there is an indistinct trace of a longitudinal median 
cleft across the anterior ridges. Owing to the broken condition of the summits of 
the ridges, it is not easy to estimate the precise number of cusps borne by each, 
hut they appear to he from thirteen to fifteen. The last ridge is more closely 
approximated to the penultimate, than is the latter to the antepenultimate. The 
hind-talon merely forms a kind of ledge on the last ridge. Both these characters 
are shown in Ealconer’s specimen. The length of the specimen is 4’6 inches, its 
greatest width 2'4 inches, and the height of the central ridge 1'3 inches. The 
number and height of the ridges, together with the great number of cusps borne on 
them, are distinctive characters of the dentition of Stegodon insignis as opposed to 
8. bomhifrons. 
Thwd lower milh-molar . — -Of the third lower milk-molar of the present 
species, two imperfect specimens are represented in figs, 1 and 2 of Plate XX of 
the “ Eauna Antiqua Sivalensis” ; one of these shows that the tooth has seven 
ridges. In Plate XLVI, fig. 4, of the present memoir, I have had figured a quite 
complete specimen of this tooth, obtained by Mr. Theobald in the Shvaliks of the 
Punjab. This very beautiful specimen is implanted in a fragment of the right 
ramus of tfie mandible, which also contains the two last ridges of the penultimate 
milk-molar. The figured tooth is oblong in shape, and nearly as wide in front as 
behind : its outer border is concave and its inner convex. The crown carries seven 
ridges and fore-and-aft talons. Only the first and second ridges have been affected 
by wear ; the ridges are tall and slender, and hear a large number of cusps on their 
summits ; thus the fourth ridge carries no less than seventeen cusps, a considerably 
larger number than occurs in the so-called Stegodon orientalis of Professor Owen, 
referred to above. The anterior talon is closely applied to the first ridge ; the pos- 
terior talon forms a small distinct ridge, carrying five large cusps. The length of 
the tooth is 4‘9 inches, and its greatest width 2’1 inches. .Another similar specimen 
of this tooth, also from the Punjab, is contained in the collection of the Indian 
Museum : from this we may fairly infer that the number of ridges in this tooth is 
generally constant. The tooth is widely different from the corresponding tooth of 
S. bomhifrons described and figured above (Plate XLV, fig. 3) ; the distinctive points 
are the greater number of the ridges, their thinner and more elongated form, and 
the greater number of cusps which they carry on their summits. 
Mrst upper true molar. — Of the true molar series of Stegodon insignis, a very 
large number of teeth are figured in the “ Eauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” and I have, 
therefore, thought it unnecessary to figure any in this memoir, and have contented 
myself with merely noticing the salient points of each tooth. A specimen of the 
first true molar is shown in the skull depicted in fig. 4 of Plate XIX of the 
above-mentioned work. It carries seven ridges and a talon ; the ridges are high, 
and the valleys well filled with cement ; each ridge carries a large number of 
