277—96 
SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PEOBOSCIDIA. 
First lower true molar . — Of the first lower true molar, two specimens in the 
Indian Museum have seven ridges each : the length of one of these teeth is 6 inches, 
and its greatest width 2'8 inches. The specimen of the same tooth represented in • 
fig. 10 of Plate XII of the “Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis” also shows the same 
number of ridges. 
Second upper true molar. — In a very perfect palate specimen in the Indian 
Museum, showing the penultimate and last true molars, the penultimate tooth has 
eight ridges, with a length of 5-8 inches and a width of 4' 2 inches : a smaller 
specimen in the same collection has nine ridges. The three specimens drawn in 
figs. 5, 5«, and 6 of Plate XII of the “Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis” have each 
eight ridges. 
Second lower true molar . — Of two specimens of this tooth in the Indian 
Museum, one has eight, and the other nine ridges : the length of the latter tooth is 
9 inches, with a width of 3' 5 inches. The corresponding tooth represented in fig. 6 
of Plate XI of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis” carries nine ridges ; the specimen 
represented in fig. 8 of the same plate has eleven ridges. 
Third upper true molar . — The last molar in the large palate specimen referred 
to above has ten ridges, with a length of 11'5 inches and a width of 4'6 inches. 
The last true molar in the cranium figured in Plate X of the “Pauna Antiqua 
Sivalensis” has eleven ridges. 
Third lower true molar . — A perfect specimen of this tooth in the Indian 
Museum has twelve ridges, with a length of 10' 5 inches and a width of 4 inches. 
The same tooth in the lower jaw represented in fig. 2 of Plate XI of the “ Pauna 
Antiqua Sivalensis” has thhteen ridges, while the specimen represented in fig, 12 
of Plate XII of the same w^ork exhibits only ten ridges. 
Ridge-formula . — The foregoing survey of the molar series of Loxodon planifrons 
affords the following as the nearest approximation I can at present give to the 
ridge-formula of the species, riz . : — 
H/r n/r ^ P P i\/r ^ P P 
m. m. 3 + 6 + (7-9) 7 p (8-11) 4- (10-13) 
Possibly some alteration will have to be made in the number of ridges in the 
first true molar, hut otherwise the number of ridges are probably nearly correct. 
It will be observed that the “ intermediate” molars are hepta-and octolophodont, 
and that the whole ridge-formula is very close to, though generally slightly higher 
than that of Loxodon africanus, as exhibited in the table given in the sequel. Both 
these species have a tendency to the prevalence of seven and eight ridges in the 
intermediate molars, and are doubtless links between the Stegodons and the higher ■; 
ridged Loxodons. 
