97—278 
SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
Stjb-Genus 3 ; Euelephas, Falconer. 
Elephants in whieh the ridges of the molars are developed into tall and nearly 
parallel plates, the intervals between which are completely filled with cement. 
The number of plates in the last lower molar may reach as many as twenty-four. 
Species 1 : Euelephas hysedhicus, Falconer & Cautley. 
General characters . — This species is the only representative of the thin-plated- 
toothed, or elasmodont, elephants found in the Siwaliks. The cranium and the 
dentition are well illustrated in the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” and, therefore, I 
have not thought it necessary to figure the dentition in this memoir. 
The cranium ^ is nearest in form to that of Etielephas indicus, hut is readily 
distinguished by the alveoli of the tusks being straighter, as well as by the greater 
lateral development of the parieto-frontal protuberances, and by the greater incision 
of the temporal fossae. 
In describing briefly some of the specimens figured in the ‘‘ Fauna Antiqua 
Sivalensis,” Dr. Falconer remarks of the cranium — that the young tusks are oval 
in cross-section, that they diverge slightly, and are very near in size to those of the 
young Indian elephant, but are narrower in front and more convex. The palatal 
bones diverge in front and the infra-orbital foramen is of unusually large size. The 
ridge-formula of the molars is much lower than that of the Indian elephant, indi- 
cating that the fossil species forms a link connecting the latter with the loxodont 
elephants. The plates of enamel and ivory in the molars are lower than in other 
species of elasmodont elephants, but are narrow and vertical ; the interspaces occu- 
pied by the cement are generally wider than the enamel and ivory plates themselves. 
The enamel is usually thicker than in the African elephant and much crenulated. 
The molars are at once distinguished from those of Loxodon planifrons by the plates, 
being more numerous, narrower, and extending further down towards the root of 
the tooth, not being in fact mounted upon a common base of dentine as in that 
species. The enamel is also thinner, and the included ellipses on the worn crown 
surface much narrower. Specimens of the molars are not unfrequently found, 
from which the investing cement has decomposed and fallen off, leaving the enamel 
plates standing out separately in a manner which might lead the inexperienced 
observer to think that they belonged to a species distinct from that to which the 
complete teeth belonged. Great variability exists in the number of plates of the 
molars, there having not improbably existed two races, one with considerably more 
plates in the molars than the other. 
A nearly complete specimen of the mandible is represented in fig, 7 of Plate 
XIII A of the “Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis;” it is characterized by a short 
symphysis, with a very small and narrow spout : a similar specimen is in the Indian 
Museum. 
' P. A. S., PI. XII B, fig. 4; PI. XLIII, figs. 20 A and B. 
A 1 
