Prof. T. C. Chamberlin. 
35 
topography would apparently not be less than it is now, and not 
very different from it in general aspect 
Lying conformably upon the red sandstone is a somewhat 
thicker series of pinkish gray sandstone. This has a quartzose 
constitution much the same as that below but somewhat exceed- 
ing it in hardness. While well indurated, it is unmetamor- 
phosed. Under glacial action it manifests its endurance very 
markedly and constitutes, in favorable situations, a very notable 
constituent of the drift. Its thickness was roughly estimated at 
1500 to 2000 feet. 
Reposing conformably upon the pinkish gray sandstone lies 
a deep series of more thin-bedded sandstones and shales of red- 
dish-brown and dark hues. The sandstones, which predominate 
over the shales, are less heavily bedded than the series below. 
They manifest a marked disposition to split up into thin slabs 
under exposure, and hence degradation proceeds with much fa- 
cility. Interstratified with the sandstones there are shaly beds of 
kindred constitution which were obviously once only the more 
muddy sands of the accumulating sediments. Besides these 
sandy shales there is found on the south side of Redcliffe Penin- 
sula a very notable horizon of finely leaved shales of dark color 
which disintegrate with great readiness into a soft talus of leaflets. 
These more pronounced shales do not, however, appear to be 
sharply differentiated from the common sandstone and shale se- 
ries, but possibly a more thorough study of the region would find 
grounds for separation. The thickness of the whole series can 
only be vaguely estimated from such cursory observations as I 
was able to make, but I should judge that it exceeds rather than 
falls below the estimate of the preceding series. No careful meas- 
urements of the thickness of any of these series were made, and 
the figures given are general estimates that will be serviceable 
only in giving an approximate idea of the massiveness of these 
formations. 
The conformity of the three sandstone series among themselves 
suggests that there may be no vital distinction between them and 
that they represent a consecutive sedimentation reaching a total 
thickness of four or five thousand feet perhaps. 
