Abandoned Shorelines of Ashtabula Quadrangle 
367 
fairly continuous sandy ridge. Throughout the next three miles 
westward this horizon of the Arkona is characterized by a continuous 
belt of sand in which dunes are numerous. Within two miles of 
Geneva two other fragments of the lower beach are shown. West of 
Geneva, near the border of the sheet, a short segment of the higher 
level is indicated ; and several more segments of this stage are shown 
south of the Nickle Plate railway between Ashtabula and Geneva. 
Lake Warren 
Throughout much of this sheet, the Warren consists of a single 
beach ridge, about 680 feet in altitude; locally, an earlier but tem- 
porary position of the shoreline registered low fragmentary ridges, 
as shown on the western side where two segments are mapped as 
details of the main beach ridge. Bordering the Warren beach, in this 
vicinity, for nearly a mile, is a low rather flat ridge which belongs to 
Lake Wayne. From this point to Geneva the highway continues to 
follow the Warren beach, but east of the Lake Shore railway, the 
beach lies south of the street, and consists of gravel capped with sand. 
Eastward from Geneva the highway to Ashtabula follows the 
Warren beach ridge which consists of gravel and sand, the latter 
increasing relatively toward Ashtabula. The ridge is rarely over six 
feet high ; in the vicinity of Ashtabula, and along Prospect street in 
the city, the outer slope of the beach appears to have been steepened 
by wave-cutting shortly before this lake stage ended. 
From the corporation limits of Ashtabula east to the Pennsyl- 
vania railway, the beach ridge is just north of Prospect street; 
between the railway and the river, this street appears to follow the 
crest rather than the back slope of the beach ; the water slope shows 
some effects of wave-cutting; scattered areas of sand, some distance, 
north, suggest barrier beaches and shoal deposits. 
The Ashtabula River has cut a gap slightly wider than its gorge, 
in the beach, the course of which on either side of the river indicates 
the absence of any bay at this point in the Warren shoreline. East of 
the river the course of the shoreline is marked by the highway leading 
to Conneaut. The outer slope of the beach is quite steep ; near the 
margin of the sheet, sand on the beach-crest has been drifted into 
dunes. 
Lake Wayne 
Lake Warren was preceded by Lake Wayne, the shoreline of 
which lies 20 feet below that of Lake Warren. The Wayne shoreline 
