WAVE-CUT TERRACES IN KEUKA VALLEY, OLDER 
THAN THE RECESSION STAGE OE WISCONSIN 
ICE.i 
FRANK CARNEY. 
The tracing of the shore phenomena of the high-level lakes 
which characterized the recession of the Wisconsin ice sheet in 
New York State, particularly by Fairchild,^ is one of the most inter- 
esting and fascinating of the contributions to glacial geology. 
Other geologists have performed similar tasks here and elsewhere 
in the basin of the Great Lakes. ^ The post-Wisconsin deforma- 
tion or tilting of these ancient beaches has attracted the attention 
of many investigators,^ Dr. G. K. Gilbert having given the subject 
special study.® 
So far as the writer is aware, however, no study has been given 
to the evidence of static water bodies that presumably existed in 
this region in front of the advancing Wisconsin ice, nor to those 
which on a priori grounds probably existed in connection with both 
the retreat and advance of preceding ice-sheets. There is very 
^ Reprinted from The American Journal of Science, vol. xxiii, May, 1907. 
^ H. L. Fairchild, The Amer. Journ. of Science., vol. vii, 1899, “Glacial Lakes 
Newberry, Warren and Dana in Central New York”; Bulletin Geological Soc. Am., 
vol. X, pp. 27-68, 1899; New York State Museum, 20th Rep. of the State Geologist, 
1901, “The Iroquois Shore Line,” pp. rio6-rii2. 
^ G. K. Gilbert, Geol. Survey of Ohio, Rep. of Progress, 1870, pp. 488-90; same, 
vol. i, 1873, pp. 549-555, 559-560, 569-570; Sixth Rep. of the Niagara Commission, 
pp. 61-84, 1890; T. C. Chamberlin, Geol. Survey of Wisconsin, vol. ii, pp. 219- 
229, 1877; J. W. Spencer, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. i, pp. 70-86, 1899; same, vol. 
ii, pp. 465-476, 1891; same, vol. iii, pp. 488-492, 1892; A. C. Lawson, Geological 
and Natural History Surv. of Minnesota, 20th Annual Rep., pp. 230-289, 1891; 
F. B. Taylor, American Geologist, vol. xviii, pp. 108-120, 1896; Bull. Geol. Soc. 
Am., vol. viii, pp. 31-58, 1897; same, vol. ix, pp. 59-84, 1898; Frank Leverett, 
Monograph XLI, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 371-383, 1902. 
^ F. B. Taylor, American Geologist, vol. xiii, pp. 316-327, pp. 371-383, 1894; 
J. W. Spencer, The Amer. Journ. of Science, xli, pp. 201-21 1, 1891 ; G. K. Gilbert, 
Smithsonian Report, 1890, pp. 236-244. (For more extended bibliographies under 
footnotes, see R. S. Tarr, Physical Geog. of New Tork State, pp. 240-265, 1902.) 
® G. K. Gilbert, l 8 th Ann. Rep., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1898, pp. 595-647. 
