46 
Frank Carney 
was not ephemeral; the topography admits such a lake only when 
the ice-front is nearby. With such a position for the ice west of 
the Seneca valley, both it and the Cayuga valley were occupied by 
lobes from the main body of ice. Such lobes, it has been sug- 
gested,27 would be competent to accomplish erosion; the non-exist- 
ence of such lobes has been hypothecated on the absence of moraine 
belts, hence it is claimed that there was no erosion. But since 
the stage of glaciation concerned antedated the Late Wisconsin 
which extended into Pennsylvania, the normal imbrication arrange- 
ment of drift sheets may explain the absence of the recessional 
moraine correlating with the ice-halt that was contemporaneous 
with the clilF-cutting and the over-steepening of the lower contours 
in the Seneca and Cayuga valleys by ice-erosion. 
SUMMARY. 
The cliffs described in this paper are the product of wave- 
work since they show no connection with such variation in strati- 
graphical structure as often produce benches, and since it has been 
found impossible to account for them in any other manner; fur- 
thermore, the presence of a cliff-cutting body of water is attested 
indirectly by other phases in the drainage and ice-erosion history 
of the region. That these shore lines are older than the recession 
stage of the Wisconsin (Late) ice sheet, follows from their being 
overlain by intersecting bands of Wisconsin drift. 
Geological Department, Denison University, December, 1906. 
H. L. Fairchild, Ice Erosion Theory a Fallacy, Bull. GeoL Soc. Tm.,vol.xvi, 
p. 58. 
Ibid., pp. 59-60. 
