Drainage Changes near Granville, Ohio 
173 
region. Differences of opinion have resulted/^ but the areas have 
generally been accorded the same period (Cretaceous) of penepla- 
nation.^^ Oscillations of the earth’s surface have been evidenced 
in the Great Lakes area and in the Allegheny Plateau region. 
1 The probability that the Ohio area under discussion has been 
I genetically connected with some of these movements seems plaus- 
i ible.^® 
SUMMARY 
1. This article has endeavored to throw some light on the 
subject of drainage changes near Granville, Ohio, first giving a 
brief of the general subject — drainage changes — in which the 
three principal causes are discussed: piracy, glaciation, and dias- 
trophism. 
2. The wide headwater and narrower outlet portions of the 
streams tributary to the North and South Forks of the Licking 
are evidence of a diversion to the east. The narrow outlet of the 
combined drainage through the Licking Narrows east of Newark 
further supports such a contention. 
3. The commonly ascribed causes for such drainage changes 
in Ohio are not competent because: (^ 7 ) So many similar phenomena 
are hardly consistent with a glacial cause, (b) Overflow streams 
would not be competent, in the times which may be granted, to do 
the enormous amount of cutting represented. (<:) The eastward 
slope of the eroded rock floor, as illustrated in the Raccoon, strongly 
derogates against such a theory. 
4. The reasons proving a diversion of drainage and those 
opposing a glacial explanation for such diversion, support, in 
general, the theory of diversion by tilting. 
5. By differential land movement (probably in late Cretaceous 
times or possibly as late as the Pliocene) the drainage of Licking 
county has been diverted from the Old Scioto System west of Lick- 
C. L. Herrick: American Geologist, vol. iii, p. 95, 1889. C. L. Herrick: Geol. 
Surv. of Ohio, vol. vii, pp. 409, 501, 1893. 
Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Yo\. ii, p. 561, 1901. M. R. Campbellfinds 
evidence of two peneplains in same area. See Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. xiv, 
pp. 277-96, 1903. 
F. Carney: Am. Jour, of Sci., vol. xxiii, p. 326, 1907. 
F. Leverett: Journal of Geology, vol. iii, p. 763, 1895. 
