THE RAISED BEACHES OF THE BEREA, CLEVELAND, 
■ AND EUCLID SHEETS, OHIO.‘ 
FRANK CARNEY. 
Introduction 
Earlier investigations. 
Purpose of the present investigation. 
General Consideration of Ice-Front Lakes 
Their growth with the receding glacier. 
Their outlets, duration, and shore phenomena. 
Embayments in the Cleveland area. 
The Development of Shore Lines 
Agencies involved, and conditioning factors. 
On-shore and along-shore movements. The undertow. 
Normal profile of beach ridges. 
Spits, bars, cusps, barriers, lagoons. 
Lake Maumee Level 
General altitude. 
Details of the higher beach; of the lower beach. 
Lake Whittlesey Level 
General altitude. 
Details of beach structures and form. 
Lake Warren Level 
A possible beach intermediate between this and the Whittlesey. 
Details of the Warren beach. 
St. Clair Avenue ridge may represent a lower stage. 
Life Relations of These Shore Lines 
Beach flora; location of dwellings and highways. 
Early agricultural methods; introduction of European methods. 
Economic products. Location of railways. 
Bibliography 
INTRODUCTION. 
A Moravian missionary, Rev. John Heckewelder, came into 
the Tuscarawas valley, Bolivar county, in 1762. He traveled 
much throughout the State in his labors with the Indians, and in 
^ Presidential address read before the Ohio Academy of Science at the Granville 
meeting, November, 1908, representing work carried on under the direction of the 
Ohio Geological Survey. The author is responsible for the opinions expressed. 
