273 
Raised Beaches near Cleveland^ Ohio 
gentle, rising in altitude from lo to 14 feet; the back slope is 
nowhere very pronounced, owing to the leveling-up of the lagoon 
I depressions. The beach averages about 10 rods in width; in 
places, however, the back slope is so slight as to make exact meas- 
I urement impossible. Over the first mile of this beach, a highway 
I extends, branching at the river into one road running directly north 
; and another skirting the river channel; this latter road continues 
I on a slight gravel ridge, the most pronounced phase of which lies 
' to the east of the highway next to the river cliff. It is probable, 
however, that the complete development of the shore-ridge in this 
I locality may not now appear for the reason that on its eastern side 
the river has undercut much of its width. After the first half mile, 
i the beach lies entirely to the east of a highway, at which place it has 
1 been worked for a long time as a gravel pit; this is on the farm of 
W. F. Schultz. Proceeding, the highway again strikes the ridge 
which at no point for the next mile rises more than 5 feet above the 
' general level; it discontinues within the next one-half mile, term- 
inating directly south-east of Goldwood; but on the opposite side 
' of the river about one-half mile south of Puritas Springs, we find 
I this beach again, and can follow it without a break to within one- 
I eighth of a mile of Kamms, where it becomes a cliff, cut in the 
Cleveland shale. A few rods east of Kamms, the cliff phase 
changes to a low gravel ridge which continues through and east of 
i West Park. 
j In the vicinity of West Park the water deepened so gradually 
I to the north, that no beach ridge was constructed; low spits, how- 
j ever, were developed, apparently of the barrier-type in origin, 
I which were later somewhat modified as the on-shore waves suc- 
ceeded in forming a true beach. One such spit turns sharply 
northward of the intersection of Lorain and Davisville streets. 
This relationship of ridges accounts for the slight lagoon just 
I south-east of the corner at West Park. Other lagoon areas were 
I developed within a mile north of this area, the principle one of 
I which lies between the Berea and Warren roads; apparently, this 
latter lagoon represents a slight bay which was later enclosed by 
a barrier. 
The West Park area presents some complexities in shore struc- 
ture largely because of its proximity to the Big creek embayment. 
This embayment was in time completely shut off through the suc- 
(,essive growth of bars. 
