Raised Beaches near Clevelandy Ohio 275 
glacier extended southward into the Cuyahoga valley, ponding the 
drainage which escaped westward along the edge of the ice. About 
a mile north of Willow along the Warren road, there is beach gravel, 
and north of Kingsbury run the rock slope appears to be wave-cut 
f at an altitude correlating with this lake stage. 
Returning to the western edge of the Berea sheet, we find a 
few rods north of this shore line what was probably a barrier, and 
later a beach, followed now by a highway, locally designated 
‘‘Chestnut ridge”. This ridge is about 15 feet below the shore 
line above described; it consists generally of fine sand; is from 4 
to 6 rods wide and rises 8 feet on the average along its front-slope, 
which is very gradual (fig. 2, F, G). Between Chestnut ridge and 
the beach of the higher Maumee level, the interval is very mucky, 
indicating a former lagoon condition; to the east and north, this 
ridge blends gradually into the general level. Between this point 
and North Olmsted, two slender ridges, tied at their western ends 
to the beach of the higher level, trend with the old shore line. 
From North Olmsted to the edge of the present river channel 
directly west of Kamms, is a sharply defined beach slope changing 
locally into a constructed shore ridge. Throughout this distance 
we have the permanent shore line for the lower Maumee level 
(indicated by 2 on fig. i), marking the position of the water after 
the Rocky river embayment had been completely closed; the back 
slope of the ridge descends into extensive mucky areas which 
indicate the swampy condition that prevailed for a long period 
! after the embayment had been shut off. Market-gardening is the 
chief industry in this section at the present time. The most con- 
spicuous spit developed in the process of enclosing the Rocky 
river embayment is the broad-based ridge extending southward 
[ from Goldwood; opposite the end of this, extending northwestward 
I from the other shore of the bay, is a correlating spit; apparently 
I the two approached quite closely but have since been separated 
! by erosion. 
I Proceeding eastward from Goldwood this shore line takes on 
more and more the form of a constructed beach, varying in width 
; from 4 to 15 rods, and in height from 12 to 24 feet. Near the river 
it is slightly modified through erosion, 
t Another feature of this level of the Maumee stage is found in 
I the off-shore bars which are not strictly of the barrier type. The 
I second highway east of North Olmsted, running to the north. 
