2/8 
Frank Carney 
From Dover eastward to Rockport the ridge consists of gravel 
with a short front-slope rising 20 to 22 feet, and a back-slope drop- 
ping not more than 7 feet (fig. 4). The compound form of the 
ridge observed west of Dover is much less charactersitic of this 
portion; nearing Rockport, however, I have noted a few former 
swamp areas. The shape of the front-slope for several miles here 
indicates cliff-development, at the western portion in shale, and 
eastward, where the shore line crosses the buried Rocky river 
channel, in drift. 
Crossing the Rocky river, the course of this beach is indicated 
for about one mile by Hilliard road, but at the intersection of West 
Madison avenue, the beach swings directly to the east, and changes 
from a gravel ridge to a cut cliff shown in the steep slope just north 
of this avenue. From Ridgewood avenue, eastward to the Lake 
Shore railway, the course of the beach is not definite; but upon 
crossing the Lake Shore, it comes in once more in its beach-ridge 
phase and thus continues to the neighborhood of the intersection 
of Fulton road and Denison avenue. From Lorain street 
almost to Fulton road, this ridge originated as a spit developing 
into the Cuyahoga embayment, and for over one-half of the dis- 
tance, for some period of time, appears to have formed the shore 
while the other half apparently was still subaqueous. 
From Fulton road to the western part of Brooklyn, whatever 
development this beach had obtained has since been obliterated 
by the erosion-work of Big creek. Its course through Brooklyn 
is somewhat doubtful because of street grading and other destruc- 
tive work. The best exposure of the beach-ridge in this vicinity 
is along the west side of Broadview avenue just east of West 25th 
street; for about 80 rods the beach thus continues; it then swings 
southward across Broadview and flattens out. A short distance 
farther to the south I noted a wave-cut cliff parallel to Scarsdale 
avenue, which turns southward crossing Roanoke and Tate ave- 
nues. Beyond this point the shore of Lake Whittlesey was at 
first parallel to, and later coincided with, the lower beach of Lake 
Maumee. This horizontal coincidence has given the lower Mau- 
mee beach a steep front-slope, the difference in the level of the 
two lakes measuring the vertical distance through which the 
older beach may have been over-steepened. On the opposite 
side of the Cuyahoga river, about one and one-half miles north 
of Willow, we find parallel with Independence road, a bar one-half 
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