28 o 
Frank Carney 
there is a low ridge of gravel conforming in altitude with this lake 
leveL For over a mile to the northward^ I have not mapped any 
gravel or sand interpreted as representing Lake Whittlesey, but 
just south of the Fairmount reservoir, and parallel to Baldwin street, 
there is a low sandy ridge which indicates this shore. 
From this point eastward I was unable to satisfy myself that the 
rock escarpment gives any evidence of wave work that definitely 
indicates the Whittlesey level; there are scattered salients which 
bear indefinite notches that may possibly indicate cliff-cutting of 
this shore; some of these benches may also be explained as the 
result of differential weathering. It seems preferable to state that 
the rock cliff which continues north-eastward from Garfield’s 
monument for some eight miles is due to denuding agents in opera- 
tion long prior to the ice invasion, and has since been altered 
slightly by the wave work of both the Maumee and Whittlesey 
levels. 
LAKE WARREN LEVEL. 
Lake Warren marks a vertical subsidence of th'^ Whittlesey 
level; the drop is about 50 feet. The evidence west of Rocky 
River on the Berea sheet suggests that the subsidence was brought 
about in a very short time, but eastward from Rocky river there 
is an intermediate beach of slight development suggesting a gradual 
subsidence of the Whittlesey to the Warren level. This inter- 
mediate stage averages 20 feet above the Warren beach proper. 
From the Rocky river, to Ridgewood avenue, it is practically 
parallel to Detroit street, and consists of a low broad ridge of fine 
sand and gravel as far as Arthur avenue, while eastward the level 
is marked by a cliff cut in the Cleveland shale. The same ridge 
appears again along West Madison avenue, in the vicinity of 8ist 
street; turning to the northeast, it crosses the Nickel Plate rail- 
road, thence more directly east it crosses West 25th street, a short 
distance south of Lorain street. On the east side of the Cuy- 
ahoga the general direction of this beach is indicated by Woodland 
avenue, which follows the ridge for over two miles. 
Just west of the Berea sheet in Lorain county, the Warren shore 
bears sharply to the north. This point of land extending into the 
lake acted as a wind break to the shore directly east. In conse- 
quence of this, the first two miles of the Warren shore on the Berea 
sheet consists almost entirely of sand and very fine gravel; the 
