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Raised Beaches near Cleveland Ohio 281 
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beach contains a slight terrace (fig. 3, K), a cliff that averages 
about 20 feetj and for most of this distance, is a low ridge. A few 
I rods east of the north-south road connecting West Dover and 
Bement, the Warren level is marked by a cliff cut in the shales 
(fig. 5), and this phase continues eastward for a little more than 
four miles. Contemporaneously with the development of the 
j first mile of this cliff, off-shore deposits gradually widened the 
j beach; throughout part of this distance, two or more barriers 
developed, giving rise to intervening depressed areas where 
! marshes have persisted till the present time. A cliff and terrace 
characterizes this shore where it crosses the buried Rocky river. 
Between the sandy beach on the west side of the sheet and the 
till terrace marking the site of old Rocky river, the interval of 
I shales bears locally a few feet of glacial drift. Eastward of Ca- 
houn creek, there is slight evidence of gravel accumulations at 
the base of the bluff. 
Commencing three-fourths of a mile west of Rocky river, the 
top of the bluff bears a beach ridge, its crest rising three to four 
I feet. Nearing the river, the ridge becomes composite, inclosing 
lagoons. Directly east of Rocky river, a cusp, developed from 
! this beach, extends northward from Detroit street across the Nickel 
Plate railroad. For about two miles this beach consists of a sand 
ridge locally composite, and from 40 to 80 rods in width. Near 
Highland avenue, the beach gravels present a sharper front slope 
I (fig. 3, L). Just east of this avenue, the shore line swings slightly 
southward, changing to a cliff cut in the Cleveland shales. In the 
! vicinity of West 100 street, the Warren level is again indicated by 
a wide sandy beach, in places, reaching from Detroit avenue 
I southward to Franklin avenue. 
I On the east side of the Cuyahoga, excepting about one mile 
I west of Wade Park, the Warren level is marked by the Euclid 
I avenue beach. From the vicinity of East 65th street, to the cam- 
I pus of the Women’s College of Western Reserve University, the 
Warren shore is found north of Euclid avenue. Eastward as far 
as Collamer, a beach-ridge condition continues to the eastern edge 
of Euclid sheet. There is evidence that the Warren level did some 
wave-cutting in the shales, developing a gravel-bordered terrace 
that is wider in some places than in others, the control being a 
I matter of stratigraphy. East of Euclid, the cliff-cutting work of 
I this lake was more pronounced. 
