Preliminary Notes on Cincinnatian and Lexington Fossils 313 
specimens of Columnaria, species not determined, are present in 
the lower part of the bluff on the west side of the Cumberland 
river, opposite the mouth of Forbush creek, in Wayne county, 
Kentucky, in strata regarded as of Richmond age. 
Columnaria alveola ta — calycina, Nicholson. 
Coluninaria calycina differs from Columnaria alveolata only in 
the tendency of a part of the corallites to become free and assume 
a more or less cylindrical shape. The corallites of this form also 
usually are a little smaller. 
Geological position. This species was described from River 
Credit, Ontario, where it occurs in strata equivalent to the Rich- 
mond group. The same species was described by Rominger 
under the term Columnaria herzeri, and the statement was made 
that the types were found by Rev. H. Herzer, of Louisville, in 
the Cincinnati group, Kentucky. Specimens showing these feat- 
ures occur at the base of the Liberty bed north of Mount Wash- 
ington, and from this point as far north as Jefferson town, Ken- 
tucky. Their local distribution is the chief point of interest. 
They can be regarded as only a varietv of Columnaria alveolata. 
Columnaria vacua, sp. nov. 
{Plate XI, Fig. 2.) 
Associated with Columnaria alveolatam the great coral reef at the 
base of the Liberty bed in Jefferson, Bullitt, Nelson, and Marion 
counties, Kentucky, is a species in which the septa are represented 
by sharp striae rather than strong plates. These striae line the 
inner walls of the tubes, or corallites, and usually become indis- 
tinct at the margins of the horizontal diaphragms. In other 
respects this species is identical with Columnaria alveolata. 
This species is listed by Nickles as Columnaria halli, Nicholson. 
The latter, however, is a smaller celled species from a much lower 
horizon. Columnaria vacua also frequently has been regarded as 
merely a different state of preservation of Columnaria alveolata. 
In that case, however, it is difficult to explain why the absence of 
conspicuous septa should be constant in large coral growths 
several feet in diameter, contiguous to others showing conspicu- 
ous septa, or why certain horizons should contain numerous 
