PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF THE MORAVIA QUAD- 
RANGLE, NEW YORK. 
By Frank Carney. 
CONTENTS. 
Physiography of the Quadrangle: 
Stratigraphy 338 
Devonian formations, Hamilton to Portage. The matter of 
weathering. 
Four classes of valleys 338 
Those of greatest maturity: Fall Creek and some of its tribu- 
taries; valley southwestward of Locke; eastward from Mont- 
ville. 
Those of a more recent cycle: Skaneateles Inlet valley; a por- 
tion at least of Owasco Inlet valley. Effects of glacial erosion 
Those of interglacial development; at mouth of the Montville 
hanging valley; a portion of Dry Run. ' 
Those of post-glacial genesis: all the gorge-cutting now in pro- 
gress. Activity immediately following withdrawal of the. ice. 
Present position in the drainage cycle 345 
Slight degradational work in progress. The different base levels* 
Owasco Inlet, Cayuga valley, Lake Ontario. Topographic 
adjustment. Some areas made prematurely old, others made 
more youthful by glaciation. 
Distribution of the Drift: 
General discussion 346 
The load of glacial ice; influence of topographic attitude of the 
area passed over, influence of rock structure. Distribution of 
debris in cross-section of ice-sheet — Stationary position of ice- 
front^ — influence of the upturning of layers of ice. Control of 
local topography in the distribution of drift — when rugged — 
when slight in relief — lobes of ice developed in topographic 
basins. Cyclic and cliniatic factors. 
Drift in V alleys 351 
Valley loops. Development attained depends upon: amount 
of debris in ice; grade of valley floor; time involved; nature of 
