354 
Frank Carney 
VALLEY LOOPS OF THE MORAVIA QUADRANGLE. 
The generalizations in the above section have been deduced from 
a study of the loops detailed below: 
(l) In the Frceville-Moravia Valley. It is recalled (p. 340) 
that this valley is probably composite in origin. At present it con- 
veys through-drainage to the north from about the area of Free- 
ville; in the genesis of this valley a divide doubtless formerly 
existed a mile or so north of Groton, from which water flowed in 
either direction. This constriction in the rock-confines of the 
valley had some slight effect at least upon the outline of the valley 
tongue which occupied the Freeville- Mora via area during the 
retreatal halts of the ice. The general direction of the valley is 
quite accordant with the general direction of ice motion. This 
fact accounts for the many typically developed loops found in the 
valley. 
''A. ” Extending southeastward from the vicinity of the George 
Junior Republic is a conspicuous ridge of drift, shown in fig. 7. 
The massiveness of this ridge taken into consideration with the 
great accumulation of drift contiguous to it, but slightly to the 
north, with also the thickened drift southward from Freeville 
against the south wall of the old Fall Creek valley (See Dryden 
Quadrangle) indicates a rather long halt of the ice. By consult- 
ing the combined topographic map it is observed that a mature 
valley extends northward towards the Freeville area from the 
direction of Dryden lake. This mature valley during several 
stages of the ice retreat carried valley dependencies whose posi- 
tions may now be read from the loops, but when the ice had 
retreated northward to the position occupied when the loop under 
discussion Was being developed, the front of the ice did not extend 
to the southeast into this old valley, but maintained a general 
north-south line across the mouth of the valley. In other words, 
the general position of the ice in the Moravia area at this time 
reflected the larger control being exerted by the lowland of the 
Cayuga valley. In this Cayuga valley the ice then reached much 
farther south than Freeville, so that the halt connected genetically 
with the loop under discussion was contemporaneous with a halt 
several miles south of Ithaca. 
An examination of this loop shows that it contains a large per- 
centage of clay, with some gravel. That this loop had a genetic 
ii 
