366 
Frank Carney 
position maintained here by the valley tongue reflects topographic 
relations that exist on the north in the Skaneateles quadrangle. 
The outwash material synchronous with this loop has been masked 
by the delta and the other deposits of static water-body streams. 
Just east of North Summer Hill is the well developed 
loop, alluded to in the discussion of drainage (p.343.) The ice fed 
into this rather moderately developed valley from the northwest. 
The loop does not suggest a long halt of the ice. 
OTHER FORMS ASSUMED BY DRIFT IN VALLEYS. 
(i) The few suggestions already made to the problems one often 
meets in deciphering loops intimated the type of drift, if the dis- 
tinction is sufficient to warrant such a classification, that I attempt 
to give in the present category. One who has been around these 
Finger lake valleys is familiar with the localities where drift 
seems to clog the valley in a manner both without system and 
apparently without any particular or definable position of the ice 
genetically contiguous to the drift. For the purposes of classifica- 
tion we might designate such areas of glacial debris as massed^ 
valley moraine. For the formation of such drift accumulations 
three conditions, as it appeals to me, are requisite: (i) A period 
of time during which the ratio of the feeding and melting factors 
is a little less than unity. This condition then assures a fairly 
stationary position of the ice, and with ice that carries a heavy 
load much debris must accumulate. (2) Another requisite con- 
dition is such a topographic relation of valley floors and side Walls 
as tend to concentrate toward the axis of the valley the load car- 
ried by the streams flowing along and out from the margin of 
the ice. It is conceded that an amount of water abnormal to 
the present drainage in similar valleys must have trended towards 
the ice tongues throughout the retreatal stages. This water 
especially during the seasons of flood would cut both the drift 
already deposited, eroding it in a brief space of time into rough- 
ened forms, and tend to remove more speedily the debris contem- 
poraneously collecting at the foot of the ice walls. The pertinency 
®Tarr discusses similar deposits under the heading “Moraine Complex in the 
Upper Cayuga and Seneca Valleys,” Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. vol. 16 (1905), pp. 225- 
27. Professor Tarr also uses the term “morainic complex” for moraine in the up- 
lands which does not correlate with traceable moraine bands (Ibid., p. 223). 
