Pleistocene Geology of Moravia Quadrangle 
377 
veneer of lake sediments, which is not constant and its localiza- 
tion is somewhat puzzling. Two areas in particular may be 
mentioned: (i) The triangular section about Freeville; (2) The 
valley northwards from Locke and Moravia. The former of 
these has a topographic relationship that upon casual observation 
seems to offer no basin for enclosing a high-level lake. We recall 
the discussion of drainage lines in this area: Extending from 
Freeville toward Ithaca is the wide mature valley of Fall Creek, 
probably the oldest dissection line in the whole region. This 
valley, as pointed out by Tarr^^ hangs several hundred feet above 
Cayuga valley at Ithaca. The controlling ice lobe of the reg on 
was in Cayuga valley. During one of its retreatal stages, when 
perhaps its most distal reach was in the area of West Danby, 
several miles south of Ithaca, lateral tongues extended eastward 
into Sixmile creek, and Cascadilla valleys, while the eastern side 
of the lobe had a position northward from Turkey Hill (Dryden 
Quadrangle) blocking the wide flat-bottom valley of ancient^^ 
Fall Creek. The general northeast trend of the ice contempor- 
1 aneous with this halt presumably marked an irregular line towards 
Cortland. It is felt, furthermore, that the valley tongue which 
I for some time maintained a position at Groton (p. 357) may have 
1 been contemporaneous with the early period of this halt across 
'' Fall Creek valley in the vicinity of Varna. In connection with 
this discussion we need to note the possibility of southward over- 
[I flow for this high level lake. The earliest static water about Free- 
! ville overflowed by way of the Dryden valley.^® This stage Was 
I succeeded by others with spillways via Turkey hill, the details of 
! which are given in a later section (p. 415). Even at the time of its 
highest outlet this lake was not deep. With the presence not far 
to the north, along the Freeville-Moravia and also along the valley 
about Cortland, of active ice, causing turbid water, which was the 
source of this clayish sediment, we have an explanation for the 
lake-bottom deposits noted in the vicinity of Freeville. The 
further fact that this clay deposit is more markedly developed in 
I that portion of the triangular area towards Groton is in harmony 
j with the hypothecated position of the ice; in the angle towards 
I Am. Geologist^ vol. xxxiii (1904), p. 273. 
^®F. Carney: “A Type Case in Diversion of Drainage,” Jour, of Geog.^ vol. ii 
(1903), PP- 115-24* 
T. L. Watson: loc. cit.y p. 292, 
