Pleistocene Geology of Moravia Q^uadrangle 
419 
sequent pre-Iroquois land warping, intersected the water-level 
which developed the Iroquois shore line. This suggestion would 
merely call attention to the futility of applying the measure of 
land tilting established through a study of the Iroquois shore line 
to the water levels of antecedent lakes. 
Alluvial Fans. Some alluvial fans connected with higher 
water-levels have been noted. One, particularly well-developed, 
exists at the mouth of the valley into which esker No. 3 leads 
(p. 395). Another is connected with Hollow Brook, southwest 
of Locke. The over-deepening of the Owasco valley by glacial 
erosion has favored the construction of alluvial fans now noted 
near the flood plain; north of Moravia, on the west side of this 
segment of the valley each house, along the valley road, stands on 
such a fan; some of these are conelike in steepness. A few fans 
are found also on the east side of the valley. 
Glacial Erosion. 
As in all glaciated areas, the round-topped hills (fig. 18) of the 
higher altitudes in the Moravia quadrangle suggest the erosive 
work of an over-riding ice sheet. The details of this process 
imply both abrasion and plucking as the ice closing about the 
elevations first modified them through freezing to and transport- 
ing the blocks already loosened by weathering processes. It is 
probable, however, that the tendency of over-riding ice to modify 
the higher points into rounded domes cannot work itself out 
typically save in areas of crystalline or other rocks of homogenous 
structure. Regions of sedimentary rocks, particularly where the 
beds are thin and somewhat irregular in structure, do not have 
the nicely rounded domes that elsewhere indicate ice-carving. 
Looking southward from a position well-up the valley wall near 
the foot of Owasco lake one sees most convincing evidence of 
the power of ice as an agent in altering valleys. While the valley 
seems wide, and the upper part of its walls have a slope corre- 
sponding to the age indicated by this width, yet the depth of the 
valley is all out of harmony with these characteristics. The gentle 
slope of this upper part of the walls changes suddenly to a de- 
clivity, continuing steep down to the flood-plain. At, and north 
of, Moravia on both sides of the valley the highways ascend these 
slopes only by laboriously swinging far to the right and left while 
