Pleistocene Geology of Moravia Quadrangle 429 
cases, the direction of motion of the retreating ice-body; and, as 
had already been discussed, the local topography is a deciding 
factor in the direction of these latest movements. Therefore, it 
is an open question \vhether the glacial scratches in the vicinity 
of valleys, after all, give much information as to the movement of 
the general ice sheet. The discordance in the appended table of 
striae between the lower and the higher ranges of altitude show 
the influence of topography. 
It is apparent that the general movement of the ice in the Mo- 
ravia quadrangle was from the northwest, such is the indication 
of striae on higher altitudes. This prevailing direction of ice- 
motion does not necessarily imply that the general ice-sheet thus 
moved. As explained on earlier pages, the controlling lobe of 
this vicinity occupied the Cayuga valley which lies to the west. 
The lines of ice-movement, as has been established in several 
distant parts of the country, is always outward from the axis of 
such a lobe. If then the Cayuga valley lobe controlled the last 
movement of ice in the Moravia quadrangle there is accordance 
between the hypothesis and the direction of striae. 
In the whole area of this sheet but one locality was found indi- 
cating a direction of ice-movement from any other quadrant. 
Near the eastern margin of the sheet, a mile or so northeast of 
Rogers Corners, a dimly striated surface exists on the very top of 
a hill which the topographic map makes 1720 feet above sea 
level. These scratches are mere brushings, and the first time I 
noted them the}' were not read, feeling that they represented 
some accidental alignment of plough or road scraper markings. 
Later in this season, however, the same faint markings were again 
observed, and read. The next summer this area was visited, 
and the evidence of dim striations was read on still a different side 
of the highway. The average direction of these several readings 
is S. 45° W. The faintness of the brushings, and the weathered 
surfaces carrying them, both indicate greater age than do the 
striae elsewhere on the sheet. The topography eastward suggests 
that this area may have been finally controlled by ice which moved 
towards the southwest, just as the ice of a lobe farther west has 
affected other parts of the sheet by the striae trending to the south- 
east. On the basis then of control of ice-motion by the drainage 
lines eastward, we may account for these discordant striae; and 
on the supposition that they present the work of the oncoming 
