20 
C. L. Herrick 
in which energy occurs will determine the nature of the reaction 
as force. If we admit that the energy of a conscious being is 
only a sort of via inter quam, we must insist that it is no homo- 
geneous medium. In the mind the forms of reaction are complex 
and the forms of intermediary energy are also complex. The 
equilibrated forces of the organ produce a stream of highly differ- 
ential energy by which new reactions are profoundly modified. 
Every translation of force is attended with production of energy, 
but the kind or phase of energy differs in accordance with the j 
nature of the force. The complete synthesis of diverse forces | 
of a special grade into homogeneous energy in a vital organism j 
produces consciousness. There may be something correspond- i 
ing in the case of every production of energy, but we cannot I 
know it; for consciousness reveals itself only in self-consciousness. 
Self-consciousness is the result of reflected energy becoming recon- 
verted into force. Will is the energy evolved in the higher sphere 
indicated. 
Here is a difficult point. Transition from force to energy under 
suitable conditions is conscious and the energy so set free is ivilL 
Will is of a sort with all energy; it is spontaneous activity and 
only conditioned by its own form. It becomes our will only in 
self-conscious states. Consciousness is not a force but a quale 
of the will. 
This was brought out somewhat more concretely by Professor 
Herrick in 1893 in the course of a critique of Miinsterberg ’s 
^^Die Willenshandlung, where he says:^'^ 
Perhaps we have here precisely the difference between will and impulse 
that the former is ^ reinforced by the totality of our personality. ’ It is 
certainly not the province of physiological psychology to enquire more 
closely into the nature of the ego, but it appears that this science may 
have incidentally and perhaps unintentionally done very good service 
to rational psychology by showing that there is no amphibious bugaboo 
between the conscious element and the voluntary motion. There is no !| 
mongrel will with head of Jove but whose tail executes fishlike and simply li 
physical wriggles. For this much, thanks, and thanks too for the assur- 
ance that the will is born of the intelligent elements in our being and j 
clothed with feelings. It is no isolated ‘‘faculty’^ — no poor third of a 
divided personality, but it is the whole ego in its direct expression, an 
“The Scope and Methods of Comparative Psychology,’^ Denison Quarterly, vol. i 
], Nos. 1 to 4, 1903. 
