24 
C, L. Herrick 
portion of the cake it is eating with no recognition of a difference 
between this object and other living objects like the kitten with 
which it is playing; but it is difficult for the adult to avoid think- 
ing of the body as an integral portion of self. The child also 
may weep because of a fancied injury to an inanimate object 
with an altruism of which the adult is incapable, and, on the other 
hand, we might imagine a state of being in which an injury to 
another or an ideal or ethical wrong would excite quite as deep 
response as a wound to the body. We know of the existence of 
the body as a mass of matter’’ in the same way as we learn 
of the existence of other material bodies by the testimony of our 
externalizing senses; but in addition to this source of information 
we have the associated information from the partially or com- 
pletely unlocalized feelings of pain and effort, etc. A blow on 
the toe is not only seen to take place, but the feeling of pain 
resulting is added; while even the tactile sense is so modified that 
it reports the sensation as subjective, i. c., localized within the 
body rather than outside of it. We discover that this body is 
composed of a vast number of coordinated parts and do not fail 
to note that while the liver, for example, may be seen and felt, 
as any other portion of matter may be, yet in its state of coordi- 
nated or structural differentiation it has other functions — 
it secretes bile and stores glycogen, etc. Just as the tactile 
property is due to a peculiar arrangement of molecules whose 
essential nature consists in the putting forth of certain forms of 
activity giving rise to the resistance we feel, so the organization 
into the so-called structure of the organ is simply a revelation in a 
roundabout way of the fact that the coordination is carried fur- 
ther in progressively involved cycles till the result is the more 
obscure function of secretion. One of the processes is just as 
much a result of the structure as the other (and no more). It 
is a common practice to contrast the body, which is present 
to the senses, with the soul which is felt as the immediate product 
of consciousness. It is true that the soul is not independent of 
the body in our experience, but is distinctly associated with it 
and manifests itself in direct and indissoluble association with 
a special organ — the central nervous system. Materialistic 
psychologists have not hesitated to state that the relation between 
the brain and the production of thought is as direct as that 
between the liver and the production of bile. This is a some- 
