26 
BUl.LfiTI-N OF THE. LABORATORIES 
Lower Berea shale is the Upper Berea shale (I4), which is the most 
fossiliferous zone yet found in the Waverly of Central Ohio ; it is well 
exposed at Moots’ Run, Licking County, where over seventy species 
have been found ; it is an excellent base to work from, as it extends 
from the Ohio river to Lodi, Medina County. Lying on this, and 
forming the top of division I, is the Waverly shale ; the fauna of this 
portion is remarkable for not containing more than ten species of gas- 
teropods and brachiopods among the thirty-five species which have been 
described from it. The typical locality for this subdivision is the 
quarry on Raccoon creek, near the Dugway. three miles west of New- 
ark, Ohio. At the close of this period conglomerate I was deposited, 
which also inaugurated division 11 . This division is separable into 
two distinct portions. Subdivision II i, is the freestone from which 
most of the rock for building purposes is obtained ; Syringotheris ca fieri 
and Crenipecten winchelli are characteristic species. Above this, and 
underlying conglomerate II, is a band of shale (II2) seven feet thick. 
Alloiisifia winchelli and Sanguinolites ohliquiis are characteristic species 
of this layer. At the close of division II, conglomerate II was depos- 
ited, the conditions attending the deposition of which were subject to 
fewer breaks than those accompanying conglomerate I, as shown by 
the fact that some of the fossils of II2 occur also in conglomerate II, 
and even somewhat higher, while conglomerate I contains not a single 
lam^llibranch or other remains, except a few brachiopods. Division 
III is separated into three portions, the first being well exposed at a 
quarry one and one-half miles south of Newark, Ohio, where it is five 
feet thick and is easily identified by means of the conglomerate which 
underlies it. Orbiciiloidea pleurites and Allorisma consanguinatus are 
characteristic species. The second part of division three (III2) is well 
exposed at the water works reservoir one mile north of Newark. It 
is here one hundred feet thick. S. stiratiforniis and ScJiizodus newark- 
ensis are characteristic fossils. Resting upon this and forming the top 
of the Waverly formation is about 25 feet of sandstone containing 
Phillip sia serraticaudata, Spirifer keokuk^ and Product us rushvillensis^ 
with several other forms peculiar to it. The theory advanced by Prof. 
Herrick, for the origin of these conglomerates and the different faunal 
representations accompanying them, is, that there were a series of 
oscillations greatest in Central Ohio and lessening in intensity as we 
go north. When the first upheaval took place the central Waverly 
area was raised up and conglomerate I was deposited, resulting in the 
