explanation of PLATE 67. 
107 
The inclination of this bed directs its course to- 
wards the Fault H, where its progress is intercepted 
by the dislocated edge of the Clay bed h' , and a 
spring is formed at the point f. Springs originating 
in causes of this kind are of very frequent occur- 
rence, and are easily recognized in cliffs upon the 
sea-shore.t In inland districts, the fractures which 
cause these springs are usually less apparent, and 
the issues of water often give to the Geologist notice 
of Faults, of which the form of the surface affords 
no visible indication. See V. I. p. 560, Note. 
^ig- 2. Section of the valley of Pyrmont in Westphalia. 
A cold chalybeate water rises in this valley at d, 
through broken fragments of New Red Sandstone, 
filling a fracture which forms the Axis of Elevation 
of the valley. The strata are elevated unequally 
on opposite sides of this fracture. See V. I. p. 561. 
(Hoffmann.) 
Explanation of Letters referred to in this Figure. 
Keuper. 
Muschel-kalk or shelly Limestone. 
Variegated Sandstone. 
Cold chalybeate Springs rising through a fracture on 
the Axis of Elevation of the Valley. 
!• The Muhlberg, 1107 feet above the sea. 
The Bomberg, 1136 feet above the sea. ^ 
• Pyrmont, 250 feet above the sea. 
^ig- 3. Section reduced from Thomas’s survey of the 
mining district of Cornwall (1819); it exhibits 
i* Xi 
cases may be seen on the banks of the Severn near 
Lias o' faults that traverse the low cliff of Red Marl and 
Vol j Passage. See Geol. Trans. N. S. 
• f t. If. PI, 37 
