ANCIENT SUBMERGED FOREST. 495 
titinks of large coniferous trees, converted to 
fl*nt, and by stumps of these trees standing erect 
^ith their roots still fixed in their native soil. 
(See PI. 57, Fig. 1.)* 
Pi. 57, Fig. 3, exhibits similar stumps of trees 
^’ooted in their native mould, in the Cliff imme- 
diately east of Luhvorth Cove. Here tlie strata 
have been elevated nearly to an angle of 45", 
^9d the stumps still retain the unnatural inclina- 
tion into which they have been thrown by this 
elevation. 
The facts represented in these three last figures 
fully described and explained in the paper 
above referred to; they prove that plants be- 
longing to a family that is now confined to the 
farmer regions of the earth, were at a former 
Period, natives of the southern coast of Eng- 
land. -|- 
* The sketch, PI. 57, Fig. 2, repre.sents a triple series of cir- 
*^ular undulations, marked in the stone, which surrounds a single 
atunrip^ rooted in the dirt-bed in the Isle of Portland. This very 
'^’ifious disposition has apparently resulted from undulations, 
P>’oduced by winds, blowing at different times in different di- 
’’^ctions on the surface of the shallow fresh water, from the sedi- 
*''*®nts of which the matter of this stratum was supplied, while the 
of this stem stood above the surface of the water. See Geol. 
’’ans. Lond. N. S. vol. iv. p. 17. 
+ The structure of this district aflbrds also a good example 
the proofs which Geology discloses, of alternate elevations and 
submersions of the strata, sometimes gradually, and sometimes 
''■olently, during the formation of the crust of our planet. 
First. We have evidence of the rise of the Portland stone, till 
leached the surface of the sea wherein it was formed. 
Secondly. This surface became for a time, dry land , covered by 
