198 
SAT.MOW. 
SO industriously employed to take it in its early growth. The 
average weight appears to have been about forty pounds, and 
the largest known to NUsson was forty-four pounds, with a 
length of four feet two inches; and this fish was sufilciently old 
to have lost all the teeth in the vomer, except those in the 
front. But heavier examples are on record in Britain: — in 
February, 1836, a Salmon caught in the Tweed weighed fifty- 
eight pounds; its length four feet, the girth two feet four inches 
and a half; other examples have weighed sixty, seventy, seventy- 
four, and eighty, the latter mentioned by Mr. Lloyd; and the 
largest of all, given by Mr. Yarrell, eighty-three pounds. The 
general shape is moderately lengthened and compressed, but 
plump; head comparatively small, more slender in front, the 
gape large; in the male the point of the lower jaw is bent 
upward, and particularly so at the season of spawning; a cavity 
in front of the upper jaw to receive it. Teeth in the upper 
jaw strong, separate, with a vacancy in front; in the lower 
jaw thicker; teeth also along the border of the mystache; on 
the tongue in two lengthened rows, strong, hooked; also round 
the palate and along the middle, (vomer,) but these latter appear 
to become less in number, or altogether lost in age. Ey^e small, 
low down, near the angle of the mouth; nostrils at one third 
of the distance from eye to snout. Body covered -with scales 
of moderate size; lateral line straight. First dorsal fin about 
the middle of the body, fleshy at the base, the adipose fin 
begins opposite the middle of the anal; pectorals round, first of 
the ventrals opposite the middle of the first dorsal; tail broad, 
and its border a little waved. The colour varies with the 
season, but tends to a steel blue; upper fins the colour of the 
back, lower fins pale; belly white, a few scattered spots some- 
times on the body; the colour less brilliant soon after leavdng 
the sea, and the skin more slimy. Near the time of spawning 
the sides have a tinge of pink, and the cheeks are often streaked . 
with yellow and faint red. In the dorsal fin thirteen or fourteen 
rays, the pectoral fourteen, ventral nine, anal eleven, caudal 
nineteen. 
The exact proportions of the body dififer not a little in fish 
of different rivers, and also according to the sex. To examine 
this more closely, Nilsson obtained at one time a male and 
female of the same size; and he found the head of the former 
