THE CHARS. 
of Windermere and of Wales. In this respect it could only 
be compared with the Fresh-water Herring of Lough Melvin; 
from which however it differs in its much larger teeth, wider 
mouth, the maxillary (mystache) extending behind the orbit, 
the much more lengthened body, and the proportion of the 
fins. It differs therefore from these British Chars in nearly 
every one of its external characters, and agrees with the Irish 
species only in its plainer colouring and the size of its scales. 
Linnaeus, in his “Lour through Lapland,” discovered a species 
which in his “Lachesis Lapponica,” and also in his “System 
of Nature,” from its inhabiting very lofty situations he named 
S. alpinus ; and he follows Artedi in supposing it the same 
with Willoughby’s British Char; as was thought likewise by 
Dr. Fleming; but by comparing Nilsson’s description of it with 
British examples before mentioned. Dr. Gunther found such 
differences as to persuade him that they are not the same; 
except as applied to a species taken in a lake, presently to be 
mentioned, in the Highlands of Scotland, and of which also I 
have through the kindness of Mr. Embleton been so fortunate 
as to receive examples. 
After noticing at some length the discrepancies which exist 
between the accounts of these fishes by several more modern 
Ivriters, Dr. Gunther proceeds with a description, accompanied 
frith figures, of the British species which he had examined; to 
frhich with the further aid of that gentleman and of examples 
supplied from the sources already mentioned, we shall be able 
to add two additional species; but before we enter on these 
particulars, as their individual habits are not distinctively 
described, we find it more convenient to give a sketch of the 
general history of this family; and thus to limit our account 
of the several species for the most part to a description of each 
of them; since it is only thus that a proper discrimination can 
be established between them. 
It is a character of all the Chars that they inhabit the colder 
regions of deep waters, where the temperature is little liable 
to vary, and does not sink to an excessive degree. Nor are 
they accustomed to swift or running streams, although there is 
one which we shall notice— the Alpine— that frequents waters 
of the latter description rather more than the others, and others 
when proceeding to an eligible situation for depositing their 
