MEMOIKS OF THE XATIOXAL ACADEMY OF SCIEIS'OES. 
23 
Laps danger signals — though later in life the brown shades and green tints, so like the green leaf 
with its serrated, blotched, sere-patched edges, would often deceive the most observant of birds. 
In regard to the nutant or movable tubercles, it may be observed that a slight motion 
•of these appendages may snttice to scare oft* an approaching ichneumon or Tachina. If most 
insects have, as supi)osed by Exner and by Plateau, more imperfect vision than has formerly been 
attributed to them, so that they are extremely nearsighted and only clearly perceive bodies when 
in motion, then even slight movements of these tubercles, while the caterpillar itself was immobile, 
would i)robably be sufficient to frighten a parasitic insect and deter it from laying its eggs on the 
caterpillar. 
GROUPI^'a OF NOTODONTIAN LARV-^K ACCORDING TO THEIR AFFINITIES AND ALSO THEIR 
ADAPTATION TO ARBOREAL LIFE. 
As is well known, the larvm of this family vary greatly in form and ornamentation for a group 
-of such moderate numbers; and the following s^niopsis has been prepared in order to show this 
^eat variety in as graphic a manner as possible: 
1. Body smooth, not hairy, with red and yellow spots. Gluphisia, 
2. Body smooth, moderately hairy. Dataua, 
3. Very hairy, the body almost totally concealed. ApateJodes, 
4. Body smooth, hairless; with no humi>s or tubercles, of a uoctuid shape; anal legs never 
•elevated; color green, with yellow lines, the latter sometimes edged with reddish; feeding less 
conspicuously than any others of the family. Xadataj Lopliodonta^ etc. 
a. Body with tVo dorsal tubercles; also hairj’. Ichthynra. 
G, Body smooth, polished; a single hump, surmounted by a horn on the eighth abdominal 
^segment. Fheosia, 
7. Back 2-8-humped, serrate, body smooth, not brightly striped. Xotodonta, Kerlce. 
8. Body smooth, gayly striped, eighth abdominal segment gibbous. Edema^ DasylopMa, 
9. Body smooth, with nutant tubercles on first and eighth abdominal segments; end of body 
uplifted. Colors green with brown patches simulating dead blotches on leaves. Hypmpax^ 
Schiznra^ and Xylinodes, 
10. Body with stout spines and with spiny tubercles on first and eighth abdominal segments. 
Schizn ra nni eornis, 
11. Body smooth, tapering; anal legs normal, often with two prothoracic tubercles, enormous 
in early stages. Ileterocdmpa gutiivitia^ hhindata^ and ohUqna. 
12. Body smooth, striped; anal legs normal. Heferocampa manfeo, 
13. Body with two dorsal prothoracic tubei'cles; anal legs filameutal; each ending in an 
eversible flagellum. Macrurocampa marthesia. 
14. Body -with two lateral prothoracic tubercles; anal legs filamental, each ending in an 
eversible flagellum. Cenira, 
15. Body doubly humped on the .abdominal segments; filameutal anal legs. The Old World 
genus Stauropus, 
So far as 1 have gone in the examination of the structure of the moths, this succession of 
genera roughly corresponds with the classification of the family. Judging by the moths alone. 
Datana stands at one end of the series and Ceruva at the other. 
Perhai)S Cerura has generally been placed at the eiid of the group bec.ause of its fancied 
resemblance to the larva of Drepana, but this is deceptive, because the long caudal filament of 
the latter genus is simply a hypertrophy of the suranal plate, and the aiial legs themselves are 
atrophied, while in Cerura they are enormously hypertrophied, probably owing to their active use 
as deterrent appendages. 
SUMMARY. 
One would suppose that the two genera Xadata and Lophodonta, with the Old World genera 
Pterostoma, Ptilophora, Drymonia, Microdouta, and Lopho])teryx * (of the two species L.cnculHna, 
which is humped on the eighth abdominal segment, connects Avith the plain-bodied L, carmelita 
^Tlie first larval stages of the following genera are still unknown, and the author would he iiinch indohted for 
•eggs or aleoholic siieciinens of the larvje of the tirst and later stages; Ellida, Lophodonta, l)rynioni:i, Notodoiita, 
