78 
MEMOIRS OF THE KATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
I sliould regard Iiio (Trii)rocris) as a more generalized genus than Zygreua. Judging 
from the venatioiij Harrisina has undergone a little more modihcatiou than Ino; Pyromorpha 
also seems rather more iiriinitive than Zygjena. I see no reason for regarding Pyromorpha as 
the type of a distinct family. 
I have only the pui)a of Harrisina americana (fig. 42) and of two 
species of Zygiena to exarainCy but with this scanty material, that of 
Harrisina seems to be the more generalized form^ that of Zygaena the 
more specialized. As Zygiena does not occur in America, but is an 
Eurasian and African genus, it is possible that in its generalized Zyga^nid 
fauna America, as in other groups of animals, has lagged behind Europe, 
Zygiena, with its ntimerons species, being a more advanced or specialized 
type brought into existence by more favorable conditions. 
Origin of the Lithosildw . — It seems to me that the group of forms 
usually referred to the Lithosiida*, bnt which are nearest to the Tineina, 
is that represented by Emcmia (Eustixis, ^lieza), CEta, and Tantura 
(Penthetria), as the imagines of these genera, whether we consider the shape 
of the head and body, anteniiaj, and legs, or the venation and shape of 
the wings, are the nearest to the Tineidm and appear to form a family 
of Tineoid moths. Indeed, 
Ememia is now referred to the 
Tineina of the family Hypo- 
nomeutidm, and possibly the 
Lithosiidm originated from that 
family or from a group stand- 
ing between it and the Pro- 
doxida\ 
The pupm have the long, 
narrow head and eyes of Tiue- 
ina. The eye-collar is wanting, 
but vestiges of the labial x)alpi 
are present, and also vestiges of 
the paraclyi)eal pieces. Judg- 
ing by the venation, Ememia 
is the more generalized and 
Tantura the more moditied 
genus. Thepui)aof OEtaanrea 
(fig. 43) in the head characters 
Fig. 43. — Puj)aot‘ CEta aurea, 
drawn from a cast skin. 
is rather more generalized than that of Tantura, the 
labial palpi being a little larger and the base of the 
maxillai more daring, as if forming rudimentary eye- 
collars or palju; but the abdomen and its end is 
much more specialized than in Tantura, as it is 
long, slender, conical, and ends in a well-developed 
cremaster, provided vuth curved setie, adapting it for 
retaining its hold in its slight cocoon. In general 
appearance and structnre it is like a Geoinetrid pupa, 
resembling one also in its markings, having longitu- 
dinal stripes. In Tantura (fig. 44) the shape of the 
abdomen is more generalized, there being no cremaster, but booked setm enabling it to retain its 
hold within its beautiful loose basket like cocoon. 
It is probable that these genera descended from some broad-winged Tineina, and possibly 
from the Prodoxidm; Hyponomeuta, and especially Argyresthia, appear to be later, more specialized 
forms. 
Fig. 44.— Pupa of Tantura parvula, showing the labial 
palpi on the inside, vl, view of hetid and hooked setJC; 
.d. cT » end of hody of <S j B, another pupa. 
