86 
MEMOmS OF THE XATIOXAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
It may be remarked that Spuler agrees witli Braiier and Eedteubacher, as well as Haase^ that 
Adolph’s system of convex and concave veins is entirely erroneous. 
We ado])t, then, Spiiler’s system of venation, and earnestly trust that it maybe generally 
accejited as simple, intelligible, and applicable to all orders of insects, based as it is on 
ontogenetic, as well as anatomical, grounds. 
The following system applies to the Lepidoptera as well as all other orders. Fig. 52 
represents the venation of a Notodontian {Hetcvocampa ohlUiua), We merely deviate, from 
motives of convenience and for the sake of uniformity, from Spuler’s numeration of the two anal 
veins, by numbering them VI and YII, instead of designating them by the Greek letters a 
Fio. 52.— Venatiou of Hettrocam-po. obliqua; the names of the veins as designated below; d, 
anterior; d', iioatcrior discal vein ; /, frenulum ; sc, subcostal cell. 
The following table will show the numbers and names of the five veins of the outspread 
portion of the wing and two (rarely three) of the fan-like or inner portion. Instead of denoting 
the veins by the noun and adjective as, for example, the median vein, we may, with Comstock, 
call it in descrijitions or diagnoses, media, or refer to it as \ ein III. 
I. Costa. V. First anal (submedian). 
II. Subcosta (radius). VI. Second anal (internal). 
III. Media. VII. Tliird anal. 
IV. Cubitus (median vein of some authors). 
PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
Muller, Fritz, Beitr.-ige zur ICeQuliiiss der Termiten. Jenaisch. Zeitschr. f. Naturw., 1875. 
Braiier, F. Ansichteii iiber die paluozoischeu Iiisekteu uiid dereu Deutung. Anual K. K. natnrh. Hofmus. 
Wien, i, pp. 8G-126. 2 I'l. 188ti. 
liedtenhacher, Joseph, Vergleicliende Studieu Uber das Fliigelgeilder der lu.secteii. (Aunalen des K. K. Naturh. 
Hofmus., Bd. i, pp. 153-231.) 12 Pis. Wieu. 1886. Abstr. by J. H. Comstock iu Amer. Nat., xxi, pp. 932-934. 1887. 
BraaeVj F., «. Bedtenhacher, J. Ein Beitrag zur Entw’icklnng des FliigelgeUders der Insekten. Zool. Anz., 1888, 
pp. 443-147. 
BaasOf Erich. Zur Entwickluug der Fliigelrippeu der Sebmetterliuge. Zool. Anz., xiv, 1891, pp. 116-117. 
S2)uler, A. Zur Phylogenie iiud Ontogeuie des FliigelgeUders der Sebmetterliuge. Zeits. wissens. Zoologie, liii, 
pp. 597-646. 2 PI. 1892. 
ComsiocJCf J. S. Evolution aud Taxonomy, etc. Itbacn, N. Y. 1S93. 
