MEMOIES OF THE FATIOFAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
129 
I am inclined to agree with Mr. Dyar that this is a variety of J. apkalh. I am nnahle, 
however, to see any important difference between /. apimlis^ var. incarceraia^ and alethe Alenin, 
and Dyar, though I leave it as a synonym of brueei, as Mr. Beutenmiiller suggests, Dyar agreeing 
with his view. 
The following account of the preparatory stages of Tclithyiira hijiria Hy, Edw., b^^ Dr, Harrison 
-G. Dyar, is copied from the Entomological ilews, 1892, j). o; 
JCyff. — Ileinispliorical or slightly conoidal, the base flat, but rouutled at its edges; smootli under a lens, but under 
the niicToscopo covered with munerous, crowded, shallow dei)ressions, which form hy their edges narrow, rouudedly. 
hexagonal reticulations. The color is dark gray before the egg hatches. Diameter, 0.7 mm. 
First stage . — Head shining black, lahrum pale; width, 0.35 inm. Body slightly liatteued, whitish; cervical shield 
blac'k; a few pale hairs; joints 5 and 12 are slightly enlarged dorsally; the lateral region and joints 5, 7, and 12 
dorsally are wine red. Thoracic feet large, pale; the al)doTuiiial normal, all used in walking. Length, 2.5 miu. The 
larva hatches hy eating a round hole in the vertex of the egg, lejiviug the rest of the shell untouched. It lives, 
singly, in a shelter constructed hy spinning two or more leaves together. 
Second stage . — Head black and shining, the central suture deep; width, 0.05 miu. Body liatteued, pale whitish 
yellow, with narrow triplicate dorsal, and very broad lateral hands of dnll wine color, as are also the humps on joints 
o and 12. Cervical shield and anal plnte black ; venter dull greenish; legs black, 
'I'iiird stage . — Head llat in front, slightly bilohed, brownish black, but paler centrally around the clypeus: a few 
dark hairs; width, 1.4 min. Body i)ale yellow; joints 5au<l 12, a trijile dorsal line, broad lateral and confused triple 
suhveutral lines all dark brown. Cervical shield and anal plate blackish ; scattered pale hairs arise from smooth, 
low, round tubercles, concolorous with the markings. 
Fourth stage . — Head jialo hnuvii, shaded with black in front; jaws and ocelli black; a white shade on each side 
of the clypeus; width, 2.6 mm. Body as before, hut the lateral hand is faintly divided hy a double yellowisli line, and 
joint 13 is nearly all yellowish. Tlie round, smooth, piliferous tnhcrclcs arc distinctly yellow in the yellow markings. 
Cervical shield small, hisoc.tcd, })ale brown ; anal plate not distiugiiiahahle. Hair whitish, hotli from body and head. 
As the stage advances the coloi’s become quite ]>ale, and the api)earance is much changed; humps on joints 5 and 12 
very slight, dark purple. Ground color whitish gray, hecomiiig ]ialo purpl*.*, a triplicate dark purple dorsal line, the 
central one most distinct, the others broader aiul dilfuse. All these lines are more or less broken into mottliugs. A 
similar stiginatal lint) with some pitrjile mottliugs subventrally ; venter paler; spiracles black. The piliferous 
tubercles are normal in arrangement, much as the warts in Ilalesidota; row (4) small, posteriorly to the spiracles, row 
(7) ai)parently ah.sent. The head is held out Hat, as in Gluphisia. 
Coeoon . — Composed of several leaves spun together and lined with threads. 
Pupa. — yearly l ylindrical, flattened a little venirally, gradually tapering posteriorly, but of nearly even width, 
no part enlarged; last abdominal segments rounded, cremaster long and slender, terminating in a knob that, under 
the microscope, is seen to consist of a row of radiating, strongly recurved hooks, which hold firmly to thesilk of the 
■cocoon. Color dark red-hrown, the thorax and cases nearly black. Length, 11 mm. ; width, 3.5 mm. 
Food i>Iaut . — Willow (.SV/hV). 
Larvte from Vosemito Valley, California. These larva; had hut four stages, and there arc two broods in a year. 
lehthyiira hifiria, as well as I. bnicei Ily. Kdw., must come very near /. ran Fitch, if tliey are not merely Western 
forms of it, hut the larva of I. van is still unknown, so that it is impossible to compare the early stages. 
We now return to the uornial J. apicalis. 
Cocoojf.— The coeooii which I have is more completely formed than that of /. inelusa^ the 
surface next the'leaves being a coutiimous firm iveb, more cocoon-like. It is tent-like ami span 
between two leaves, as in 7. inclnsa. It measures 22 by lo mm. 
Vitpa , — Yot so full, rounded, ami blunt at the end as iii that of J. inchisa. Abdominal 
segments with scattered coarse i)unctiires, and the surface is dull, not so shining as in 7. inclma. 
Cremaster slenderer than in 7. incluHa^ the two dorsally curved hooks not so broad and thick as 
in 7. inclusa and about half as large. Length, Hi iiim. 
Habits , — In general the same as those of 7. inclusd, the moth laying its eggs in northern 
New England probably late in June and in July, the larvm occurring throughout August. In Miles 
City, Mont., the eggs are stated by Mr. Wiley to have been laid on the willow as early as jMay 24. 
Whether it is double-brooded remains to be seen. It. occurred in Kansas 3Iay 21. (Hrnner). 
Food plant , — The normal New England form of apicalis feeds on the aspen, while “the pale 
western form astoriw'^' in Montana feeds on the willow. 
Geogra 2 )hical distribution , — The species with its varieties range from New England, including 
the colder portions, as Franconia, N. II., to the Pacific Coast. It is to be looked for throughout 
the greater part of the “cold temperate subregion of Allen, or the boreal (Canadian) jiroviiice 
of anthoi's from lower Canada (Quebec Province) \vestward to Alaska.” It also spreads in its 
varieties {ornata^ bifiria^ and astoria') through the Apiialachian and Campestrian subprovinces, 
including Montana, Washington, and California. Var, indentata, New Jersej^, Ihmnsylvania, 
S. Mis. 50 9 
