176 
MEMOmS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
the fourth stage in the rather thicker body, slightly shorter anal legs, and the smaller first abdominal 
black dorsal tubercles, while the black spots on the eighth abdominal segment are more pronounced. 
Recaintulation. — (1) The larva hatches with the generic characters already established, viz, , 
with the long slender retractile anal legs, nniu^ovided with hooks, and with the pair of hairless 
dorsal tubercles on the first abdominal segment. (2) The two dorsal tubendes on the eighth 
abdominal segment lose tlie hairs at the lirst molt and begin to assume the sliape and coloration 
seen at the last stage. (3) The clavate hairs disai»pear with the second molt. (4) In the third 
stage the coloration and maidiings of the species begin to appear, the body changing from 
pea-green to straw-yellow, the skin smooth and vshiiiing, and the lines and spots hlackish, while 
the reddish tint of the iirst abdominal segment, characteristic of the first stage, is discarded. 
The earliest stages of Dasylophia are very dittereut from those of iSymmerista^ the latter 
apparently lacking the clavate hairs and tubercles of the former genus. 
It is probable, though further field work is needed to prove it, that by the third stage the 
caterpillar is exposed to the same dangers and escapes them in the same way as the larva in 
its final stage. Observations as to the position of the larva wliile feeding on the locust or wild 
indigo leaf are needed in order to show how the reddish liead, shining straw-yellow body, and 
blackish stripes and markings assimilate it to its habitat; also whether ichneumons are repelled 
by the movements of the anal legs, and whether such motions of the end of the body are sufficient 
to drive away ichneumons and Tachiuio from its otlierwise unprotected, smooth body. 
These remarks will also apply, though less strongly, to the caterpillar of /Sijmmerista alhifrons^ 
which has similar shape and coloration, though its anal legs are not retractile nor so long and 
slender, and lienee not so Avell calculated to frighten away unwel- 
come insects. Experiments should also be made to ascertain 
whether the two larvm in question are distasteful or not to birds. 
It may be here observed that although many insects, according 
to the recent views of Exner and Plateau, may not distinctly per- 
ceive the outlines of bodies, yet all insects doiiblless see objects 
in motion. Hence any ichneumon or Tachina, or the carnivorous 
beetles or bugs, may be frightened away by the sight of a mov- 
ing or nodding tuherele like those on many Notodontians, and 
still more by the movements of the filaniental or even the slightly 
elongated legs of other forms, or by the upturned abdomens of 
Datana caterpillars. 
C()C(}on , — “It formed a cocoon of leaves and silk of thin 
loose texture’^ (Harris Corresp., p. SOO), “Pujia ein’cloped in a 
tliin, hut a somewhat tough, cocoon eom])osed of silk and bits 
of earth, etc., constructed at the surface of the ground.’- (Dyar.) The cocoon is loose, rather irreg- 
ular, with sand, etc:, adhering to the outside, forming a thin network of coarse silk, just the sort of 
structure to which the cremaster hooks would adhere to hold the inipa in place, 23 by 12 mm. 
Pupa , — “It is. 23 mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter, shining dark chestnut-brown: cremaster 
short and blunt, terminating in several booklets.” (Dyar.) 
One $ . Body rather long, moderatel}' thick, niiper surface of thorax finely corrugated. 
Abdominal segments only punctured near the sutures and finely granulated on hinder edge of 
segments 5 to 7. Two S sexual openings or scars on segment 9 instead of one. End of body 
tapering to a point. Cremaster conical, cleft at the end; surface longitudinally corrugated, eacli 
fork or spine truncate, and beainng three long setie, which are curved at the end as in fig. G7. 
Length, 20 mm. (II. S. Nat. Mus.). 
Habits . — Harris found the larva on Podalyria Unvtoria August 3. “ Its position Avhen at rest 
is like the gregarious caterpillars {Pygeera) of the apple tree, the head and tail being elevated.” He 
found another caterpillar on Lespedeza mpitata. “August 9 to 10 it formed a cocoon of leaves and 
silk of thin loose texture; August 13, became pupa,” tlie motli appearing, the following June. 
Dyar, writing in New York, states: “The duration of each stage was about four days, with 
the exception of the last, which was six days. The eggs hatched August 17 and the larva ceased 
feeding September 0. They became pupa in a few days after constructing their cocoon, and 
passed the winter in this stage. There are two bloods of this insect in a season, those here 
'described being of the second brood.” 
Fig. C9.— Pupa of 7)a$yloj)hia anguina; 
•an. L. vestiges of aual legs. 
