MEMOIES OF TUE XATIOXAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
181 
Fourth after the third molt, — Leng'th, 30 iniii. The markings and colors are the same 
as in Stage Y, hut the larva at this period only differs from the third stage in being longer in 
l>ropoition, tliough "with a greater number of black lines and spots, as described under the last 
stage. 
Ffth and last stage ? — September 12. Length, 40-50 mm. The bod}' nov increases in width 
from the i)rothoracic segment to the eighth abdominal, the head 
being much rounded, but a little wider than the i)rothoracic segment 
and more i)itchy red. The arrangement of the markings is mainly 
as in the third and fourth stages, but the straw-yellow bands are 
now deei) orange, often almost coral-red. The number of blackish 
lines have increased. There are five instead of three dorsal lines, 
the outer line on each side being the heaviest and most continuous 
and scarcely broken at the sutures. The black siiots and slashes 
on the sides at the base of the abdominal legvS are more distinct and 
numerous than before, as are the black spots on the eighth, ninth, 
and tenth segments, behind the dorsal hump. On the hinder edge 
of the eighth segment are eleven black spots, varying in size and 
shape. On the ninth segment arc three subbnear dorsal and two oblong black lateral spots, and 
on the tenth segment are three dorsal coarse black dots, and on each side a black dot and oblong 
black spot. The suin-aanal plate is distinct, crescent-shaped, and deep honey-yellow, like tlie anal 
legs. There is a median ventral, interrupted black line, also 
indicated in the third stage. 
lu this genus, then, we have a return to the functional 
anal legs, armed with hooks, the end of the body not being 
more or less iiermaneutly uplitted or extended horizontally. 
Instead of this deterrent or terrifying feature we have the 
showy coral-red hump and the bright black and red bands on 
a shining, glistening skin (already indicated as early as the 
third stage), which may be danger signals to birds to whom 
this caterpillar may be distastelul. 
Cocoon , — A thin, white, irregularly oval, tough web, 
through which the pupa is partly visible, lieutenmiiller says: 
‘^The cocoon is irregularly oval, and is of a tough, sordid 
white texture, and is spun on the ground amongst leaves'^ (p. 
2(i). Miss Soule Avrites me that ‘‘of five specimens, three 
spun fiat circular, cocoons between leaves and two jmpated Avith no attempt at spinning.” 
Pupa, — Body moderately stout, rather long, the end moderately blunt; the surface, except at 
the end of the abdomen, coarsely puiictuicd, and the sutures rather coarsely shagreened. The 
cremaster (fig. 70) is peculiar in being double or deeply forked at 
the end, each fork or si)iiie being stout, fiattened, rugose, but 
Avith the tip smooth, polished, and slightly directed outward. 
The spines are longitudinally ridged at the base, and transA'ersely 
so toward the smooth tip, and the inner side bears three long 
vsleuder setm, curved at the ends. Thevse setm are often broken 
off', and their presence would not be suspected. The two spines 
A'ary in distance apart, being in two out of three exum]fios closely 
contiguous, Avhile in another specimen they are opened Avide apart, 
this difference being probably due to dilTerence in contraction of 
the muscles at the time of death. Lengtli, 17-23 mm. 
Hahiis , — This is jierhaps the most common notodoutiaii cater- 
pillar to be found on the oak. At first the caterpillars are gi'Cgarious, but after the first or second 
molt they begin to scatter over the tree. In Georgia, according to Smitli and Abbot, the cater- 
pillar “spun itself up iii a thin Avhite Aveb between the leaves October 28, and came out ou the^ 
Fig. 71.— Pupa of Sinmnerista albi/rons; anl, 
anal legs; cr, cremaster ;sliarp-tootlied form). 
Beiiteumiiller describes si.\ staj;es. 
