MEMOIRS OF THE ^lATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIEl^ICES. 
215 
dorsal line are seven v'avy Idack lines alternating* witli white oneSj so that the caterpillar is veiy 
conspicuously banded and spotted. The small black tubercles on the side of the body all bear a 
^single hair. The anal legs are normal ^ about a third smaller than the other abdominal legs, and 
with numerous hooks. The end of the body is often uplifted. 
Until we know more of the exact stimcture au<l markings of the first stage, it would be 
premature to attempt to recapitulate the leading points in the ontogeny of this curious larva. 
What we have taken to belong to the second stage of coiicimia^ and whose exact coloration 
we failed to note when collected, shows that even probably when hatched from the egg the larva 
is provided with its full complement of spines, and even more, there being two on the head, which 
are lost in the last stage. Without specimens of all the other species for comi^arison, Ave can not 
'properly interpret the nature of the singular ornamentation, so unlike that of any other 
Notodoutiau of the American or European fauna. 
To recapitulate, it is to be noticed that; 
1. The head is deep dull amber in Stage II, becoming black in Stages III and lY, and deep 
coral-red in the last stage. The head is angular or squarish in Stages II-IY, bearing on the 
vertex a pair of tubercles Avhich disappear at the final molt. Of Avhat use these tubercles are in 
the early stages, and why if useful at that period of the insect’s life they are not retained in the 
last stage, is difiicult to understand, though the smooth shining dark coral-red head may, and 
doubtless does, make the creature more conspicxmus. 
2. The hairs in the second stage are, as usual, enlarged at the end, being flattened and sud- 
denly truncated. 
3. A swollen coral-red dorsal hump arises in the last stage on the first abdominal segment, 
bearing two very long, black, blunt spines, which can be moved by the larva so as to terrify its 
enemies. 
4. The great dorsal spines along the entire body, and the large lateral ones, like elongated 
liobnails, have in general grown larger from the second to the last stage, rendering the creature 
ixrobably still more distasteful and repulsive to birds and less open to attack from parasitic insects. 
5. It is Avorthy of notice that in this species the dorsal tubercles and spines are sexxarated 
widely, while in other Schizurm those of the first and eighth abdominal segments grow together 
and form a single more or less moAmble terrifying spine. Xylinodes is intermediate, the tubercles 
on the humi> being in x^airs. 
0. On account of these unique characteristics and its system of consi)icuous markings and 
noticeable ax^ixendages, which all unite in giving warning to birds that it is inedible, and the entire 
nbsence of xu'otective mimicry, this larva occuxxies an unique xflace in the Xotodontian group. In 
other Schizurm Ave have a mixture of tAvo properties; the larva is both disguised so as to resemble 
a x)art of a biown-spotted green leaf, and has a moAmble deterrent sixine on the back. In Symme- 
rista the larA^a is so gaily colored as to at once indicate to birds that it is distasteful, but there 
are no deterrent sxflnes or bristles. It is obvious that exx^eriments should be made by feeding 
Syinraerista, Schizura, and Dasylophia larvte to bmls in order to see if they would be i^ejected 
or not. 
The young, at least after the first molt, are so sxuny that it is difficult to say from what 
■existing form this caterpillar may have descended, though the stem-form was a Schizura, as Stage 
I shows. 
Cocoon , — Resembling that of S, tmicornis, (Harris.) The cocoon is formed of very close fine 
glossy silk, the leaA^es of the xflant being drawn around it so as to conceal it entirely. It is almost 
egg-shaped and very sjnnmetrical.” (Edwards.) A eocoon gh^en me by Mr. Beuteiimuller is 
regularly oval, of silk, rather thin, semitransparent, and 15 mm. in length. It was spun betAveen 
leaves. Two broods in Xew York; the sxxring brood sx^iuning on leaves, the Avinter brood in the 
earth (Elliot). 
Pupa, — ‘‘Short, broad, bright chestnut brown, very glossy and shining, the abdominal x)ortion 
showing the fcAv hairs of the larval tubercles,” (Edwards.) 
Habits , — Abbot states that in Georgia it breeds tAvice a year, the first brood making its cocoons 
toward the end of May, the moths axxpearing fifteen days afterwards. As is well known in the 
'N'orthern States, the caterx)illars of this species are common and conspicuous, feeding in clusters 
in a very exxxosed manner on axxple leaves. 
