MEMOIES OF THE NATI0:N’AL ACADEMY OF SCIEIS^CES. 
261 
(3) The heaclj coiiiparecl Avith that of Cerura, is not retractile, the j)rothoracic segment being of 
the normal size. 
This retractility of the head in Cerura may bo an adaptive, recent char.acter, and this feature 
api)ears to indicate that it is a later, more siAecialized form than H. marihesin. 
Cocoon , — The catei'pillar spins betv^eeu the leaves (in the breeding cage) a symmetrical oval- 
elliptical, evenly Avoveu cocoon of pale gray silk, though it is thin and translucent. It is 30 mm. 
in length and 17 mm. in width. 
PniHi, — Tavo 6 , three 9 . Body full and thick, the abdominal segments 1 to 7 punctured much 
as ill H, gniiiiHtta and biundata. The head is full, rounded, with two AFcll-marked, iiarallel verth'al 
ridges, Avhich are conA’ex and smooth, passing up and down betAveen the eyes; on the to]) of the 
head are slightly marked corrugations. In the transverse black band extending across behind 
and next to the hinder edge of the thorax arc eight large, deep pits, the squarish tubercles 
betAA'eeu them being simple on the upper surface, A\diich is dull, unpolisbed. 
Fig. 87.— Pupa of Macrurocain])a martheaia, 
end of body of cf . 
Fig. 88 — Pupa of Jfacnirocampa marfhcsla, sp., 
spiracle; end of body of 9 • 
The cremaster bears two very stout, diverging spines, conical, corrugated on the surface ; they 
are unarmed, being simple, Avith no accessory si»inules, exceiit minute rudimentary ones on the 
inside. Length, 18 mm. 
Habits . — The caterpillar of this moth is one of the most interesting among the Notodontians, 
vSince it connects Cerura AAuth the other genera, by reason of its two long caudal filaments, so 
much like those of Cerura. These appendages are simply modified anal legs, and seem to be 
tactile and repellaut organs. This caterpillar is also interesting from its power, Avheii touched, of 
forcing out a dense cloud of fine spray from a gland in the under side of the prothoracic segment 
near the head.' 
In certain favorable years this is an abundant caterpillar on the oaks in ProAudence, IL I. 
In Maine I have noticed the caterpillar in its fourth stage resting on the underside of the leaf, 
on a lateral rib, the dorsal striiie resembling in color and appearance the peculiar greenish yellow 
shade of the rib. When thus at rest the tails are not spread apart, but when disturbed it Avhisks 
its tails about, jerking them over its back just like a Cerura larva, its flagellum being everted and 
withdrawn as freely as in that genus. The cocoon is of silk, not very thick, spun between the 
leaves, and in confinement the moths issued at Providence in IS'ovember, though ordinarily not 
due until June. 
Professor Eiley .has obserx^ed it on oak at St. Louis, Mo., June 22, and in July; also in 
September, the moths issuing March 11 and IS. He has bred a Tacliinid fly and a Cryptus parasite 
from the caterpillars. 
Food plants . — The oak of Auirious species; also found on the beech in Maine. 
Geographical distribution . — Very interesting, as it occurs from Maine to Georgia and Texas, 
also occurring in Jalapa, Mexico, according to Druce in Biologia Centrali-Aniericana, Heterocera, 
page 238, and in Surinam and Brazil, its southwestern and v^esterii limits are unknown. It has 
not yet occurred in the Pocky Mountain region (Campestriau subprovince). 
‘ I have deferred the description of the spraying glands of this and several other Notodontians to a future 
occasion. (See Journal New York Kutoinological Society, Sept., 1895.) 
