MKl\rorK8 OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
275 
tlie secoiul. On tlie sixth abdominal segment is a transversely oblong spot. (These spots were 
all connected in Edwards's and Fllliot's specimens.) Along the back of segments 7 to 10 is an 
elongated dumb-bell-shaped sx)ot, the contraction in the middle of the spot occurring on the back 
of the eighth segment; the spot terminates <ni the end of the suranal plate^ which is squarely 
docked at the end. 
The stemai)ods, or anal tilamental legs, are reddish at the base above and beneath, with two 
Xmle rings beyond the middle, the flagellum being reddish lilac. There is a lilac-red spot at the 
base of the thoracic and abdominal legs, one near the origin of each leg, and one on the sides of 
abdominal segments 7-0; besides these, reddish, lilac dots are elsewhere scattered over the sides 
of the body. The ])aranal lobes and the excrementiferous bristles are well developed. 
The larva of this species ditt'ers from that of G. borealis and occidentalis in the less connected 
and narrower dorsal lilac-red patches, and iu the end of the suranal plate being squarer, that of 
C, occuJeatalis being somewhat rounded behind. It is more nearly allied to C, occidenialis than to 
C. borealis. 
Cocoon . — “Formed on a piece of wood, first of gummy silk, which is strengthened by many 
little pieces of wood bitten off from inside. When finisheil it is elliptical, quite hard, and of the 
color of the wood or bark on which it is made. Length, about 30 mm.; width, 13 mm.’^ (Dyar.) 
Pupa. — “Cylindrical, tapering slightly at both extremities, somewhat liattened. Color, pale 
brown, venter yellowish, and a dark dorsal line. Wing and leg-cases greenish. Abdomen very 
minutely punctured. Wing-cases creased. Length, IS mm.; width, 0 mm.” (Dyar.) The fore- 
going description refers to the Californian form cinercoides, Dyar states that the cocoon of the 
Eastern cinerca is “constructed on bark of gummy silk and bits of bark and wood, like that of 
the other species of Cerura.” (P. 81.) 
Habits . — Its general appearance and habits are, so far as known, the same as in 0. occi- 
dentalis and borealis. Dyar states that “the eggs are laid singly: the larva hatches by eating 
a hole in the side, but does not devour the rest of the shell.” Dyar, speaking of the Californian 
form, states tliat “the duration of the first larval stages was from three to six days, the last 
two seven days. The pupa state lasts through the winter.” 
The larva represented pn PI, XXXVL figs. -I, 4«, occurred on the poplar at Erunswick, Me,,. 
August 30, 
Itiley (MS.) states that the eggs are laid in June, the moths appearing in April, May, June,. 
July, and August, while the larva is found in June and in September. 
Food 2dant . — Different species of willow and implar. 
Geographical distribuiion . — This species apparently has the widest geographical range, with 
consequent greater variability, of any of our species, ])robably extending farther south, into- 
Mexico and •Guatemala, than 0, scolopendrina, and thus ranging through the entire North 
American region; including the cold temperate subregion and warm temperate subregion, and the 
humid and arid provinces of the latter, as will be seen by the following localities: Boston, ^Nlass. 
(Harris); Brunswick, Me. (Packard); New York (Edwards, Ihliot, Dyar); New Jersey (Palm); 
IMattsburg, N. Y. (Hudson); Canada, New York, Maryland, Ohio (vars. clnereoidcsj paradoxa^ . 
meridionalis)y California (French); Utah, dark form (Westcott); Florida (^Irs. Slosson); Franconia, 
N, H., “a little darker than the Floidda ones” (Mrs, Slosson); Colorado (Bruce); Fort Collins,, 
Colo., June 21 (Baker); Denver, July 14 (Gillette); Manhattan, Kans., June 10-17, of normal, 
not very pale, color (Popenoe); New York, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Washington, D. C. (United 
States National Miiscmm), Jalapa, iMexico, San Geronimo, Guatemala. Mr. Druce remarks: 
“The specimens I soinewliat doubtfully refer to this species ai’e very much stained. So far as I 
am able to see, they ai)i)ear to bo almost identical in the markings of the primaries with Walker’s 
type.” (P. 241.) 
Dyar's var. cinereoides was collected at Tjos Angeles, Cal., and also at ]VIilcs City, ^lont. 
The pale form, jmradoxa Bohr, is from among the mountains of Nevada County, Cal. C, 
nivea., whiter than any other form and without the marginal black spots, was collected at El 
Paso, Tex., on the Bio Grande Biv^er, and Mr. Palm’s examx)le (collected June, 1890) is from the 
Yirgin Biver, southern Utah, in a hot, dry region, and its white color is evidently the result of 
the action of bright sunlight, heat, and dryness. 
