OF FISHES IN GENERAL. 
nfi.es ; becaufe greater violence has beenufed in exclud- 
ing them from it. They are by no means capable of 
living indifcriminately in the water and on flvore, and, 
therefore, merit not the name of amphibious, which Lin- 
nxus haa affigned them. The fingle circumftance, by 
which that naturalift determined their rank in the ani- 
mal kingdom, is the want of the bony operculum, or co- 
vering of the gills, which is common to the fpinous 
fifties. 
4 his lafl order, which alone he admits to be filhes, 
He has very properly fubdivided into four different fee- 
tions, the apodal, the thoracic , the jugular, and abdo- 
minal, fifhes *. i his arrangement is founded on the com- 
panfan of the ventral fins to the feet of land animals ; 
and the particular fituation of thefe fins with relpeft to 
the reft, determine the place, where each iilh is to be 
ranked. 
The apodal filhes, are fuch as want the ventral fins alto- 
gether, fuch as t hcfwordfjh and eel. In the jugular, the 
ventral fins are placed before the peftond, as is exem- 
plified in the codjijh and blenny. The thoracic are di- 
ftinguiftied by having the ventral fins placed beneath the 
peftoral, as is illuftrated by the mackrel, or father dajler. 
he abdominal fifties are known, by having the ventral 
s P aced behind the pectoral fins, near to the abdomen, 
f 13 , tbe cafe ln the Salmon and pike. This divi. 
ion o fifhes, according to the fituation of their fins, 
^ judici0US and natural - It firft occurred to 
left- ‘ ' " " 1Cn cxain ining a colle£tion of prepared lub- 
extafv J he P refence of ^ r - Hollander, who witnefied the 
flifcoveryf tlUS lndsfati S able naturalift on making this 
* VU c iL DECT. 
tSr Nit ' p ' 
** exc kmation of the Grecian mathematician ArchimMcs. 
