THE BREAM, 
*97 
rurvated like a bow, and nearer to the belly than the , 
back of the fifh : above, the bream is a blackilh green, 
the fides and belly white, with a gilded line when the 
fifh is in high feafon *. 
Stagnated water, or rivers gently gliding along, are 
the refidence of this fpecies ; which there feeds upon 
herbs, mud, and clay. Its feafon of fpawning is in the 
month of May ; at which period the males are marked 
upon the head with a number of white tubercles ; an in* 
ci tie nt which Pliny takes notice of as befalling the fillies 
of the Logo di Como in Italy f . 
Similar to the bream is the rud, a fi(h frequent in the 
Rhine, the fens of HolderneJJe , and in the Charwell , near 
Oxford. It is about two pounds weight ; and in feafon, 
almoft the whole year round, except in the month of 
April, when it fpawns. At this feafon, the head of the 
male is rough with white tubercles, refembling thofe of 
the preceding fpecies. The rud is reckoned a fuperior 
dilh to any of this genus. 
The rud feems to be an intermediate fpecies between 
the carp and the bream; it is broader than the former, 
and deeper than the latter filh. The colour is brown, 
changing into yellow ; the fins are of a reddifh hue, and 
the whole body is covered with very large feales. The 
opercula of the gills are, for the rnoft part, marked with a 
blood coloured fpot. 
Iu many of the filli ponds about London and in the fouth 
cl England, there is reared a filh called the crucian §; but as 
jt is not mentioned by Willoughby, it is probably not a na- 
Voe. III. P p live 
* Willough, p. 148. f Lib, ix. cap. ik 
5 Crprinus CaraffiuS) Lip. SyfE. 
