AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY. 179 
both of cotton and wool. The Yumas speak of the 
Hawalcos and Yampaos tribes, on the eastern bank 
of the river, who make blankets. The Mexicans also 
speak of a tribe called the Tontos, or fools, on the east- 
ern bank of the river; who are said to be allied to the 
Apaches. It is probable that, with the exception of 
the great tribes, they are known among each other by 
different names, which have some connection with the 
mountains or rivers near which they dwell, or with 
some peculiarity which distinguishes them from each 
other. Thus the Yumas are also called Cuchans ; and, 
as I have before stated, the Diegenos, who derive their 
name from San Diego, are the Comeya of early times. 
It is also certain that many tribes which the missign- 
aries found in California and the northern parts of 
Mexico, are now extinct.* On the Gila, no tribes have 
any fixed habitation, nor are any lands irrigated and 
cultivated, until the district occupied by the Coco-Mari- 
copas and Pimos is reached, two hundred miles to the 
east. The Yumas occasionally range up and down the 
Gila, but only on predatory excursions. ‘They strictly 
belong to the Colorado near the junction with the Gila, 
where they were found by the earliest explorers. 
Between the Gila and the Gulf, and near the latter, 
there is also found a tribe called the Cocopas. They 
occasionally visit Fort Yuma, and profess to be at peace 
with the Americans. They are less numerous than the 
Yumas, with whom they are at war. Recently a party 
of the Yumas were surprised by them, their chief and 
* Of the existing and extinct tribes of Indians I shall speak at 
length in my Essay on the Ethnology of these countries. 
