282 INDIANS OF THE GILA, 
houses are to be seen, also half fallen, having thick 
walls, and all the ceilings burnt, except in the lower 
room of one house, which is of round timbers, smooth 
and not thick, which appeared to be of cedar or savin, 
and over them sticks of very equal size, and a cake of 
mortar and hard clay, making a roof or ceiling of great 
ingenuity. In the environs are to be seen many other 
ruins and heaps of broken earth, which cireumscribe 
it two leagues, with much broken earthenware of 
slates and pots of fine clay, painted of many colors, 
and which resemble the jars of Guadalajara, in Spain. 
It may be inferred that the population or city of this 
body politic was very large; and that it was of one 
‘government is shown by a main canal, which comes 
from the river by the plain, running around for the 
distance of three leagues, and inclosing the inhab- 
itants in its area, being in breadth ten varas,* and 
about four in depth, through which perhaps was 
directed one half the volume of the river, in such a 
manner that it might serve for a defensive moat, as 
well as to supply the wards with water, and irrigate 
the plantations in the adjacencies.” 
By the foregoing extracts it will be seen that these 
buildings were in much the same condition as that 
im ion we now see them, although a century and a 
half has elapsed since Mangi’s visit. He was told of 
other ruins ‘‘a day’s journey to the north on another 
stream” flowing into the Gila, which were doubtless 
those on the Salinas that I have described. 
* About twenty-seven feet. See also Alegro’s Hist. de la Compa- 
Tiia de Jesus, en Nueva Espafia, tom. i. p. 84. 
