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its common acceptation, for the purpofe of 
adding power or beauty to the fentence. 
Th^ fpecies of this genus are four, viz, 
Metaphora, peraQoftot, from jttera, trans, and 
Qeguy fero. It is a fimile expreffed in 
one word, thus Toufiine afcholar.* 
*fhe tinkling of that rill is mufic. 'That 
lad is a lion. That girl is an angeL 
Eftflos nobilitatis, &c. 
Metonymia, from j^era, and ovopa,, nomen, a 
change of name: thus, when the caufe 
is put for the effect, as, Tou fpeak the 
French tongue. Or, the effect for the 
caufe, as in the firft Ode of Horace, 
Prtefidium et dulce decus meum. Or, when 
thefubject is put for the adjunct: thus, 
Roma pro Romanis, vel patera pro <vino. 
Synecdoche, formed of crvvtKSsxopcu, comprendo, 
takes the whole for a part, or part for 
the whole ; as for example in the firft 
line of Milton's Paradife Loft: " Of 
mans firjl difobedience and the fruit " 
Here man is taken for mankind: fb 
when the Latin poets ufe aufter for 
wind', orfalernum for wine in general. 
In thefe .examples, the fpecies is taken 
for the genus, or the individual for the 
fpecies. 
