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The next fyftem was that of Tournefort 3 
which he firft publifhed in French, in the 
year 1 694, and in 1700, in Latin, under the 
title of Injlitutiones Rei Herbaria, 3 vols. 4. 
The sd and 3d volumes confift entirely of 
plates, in all 475. He divides the vegetable 
kingdom into 22 clafTes, characterized by 
the fhape and number of petals in the 
flower. His generic diftinctions are founded 
the fructification. 
The firft of thefe three fyftems, invented 
by Csefalpinus, was ill adapted to the invef- 
tigation of flrange plants, becaufe it was 
impofiible to difcover the clafs to which they 
belonged, till the feeds were completely 
formed. Ray's fyftem was, in part, liable 
to the fame objection. Tournefort's fyf- 
tem was natural and eafy enough, in the 
general clarification , and his genera are 
commonly afcertained with fufikient accu- 
racy; but he goes no farther: fpecific cha- 
racters made no part of his fyftem. 
The Linnsean fyftem of Botany is now 
generally received and univerfally taught. 
It is confefledly artificial; but much better 
adapted to the inveftigation of an unknown 
plant, than any of the former. His Claffes 
are fubdivided into Orders* and his Genera 
* into 
