412 
Birds of Celebes: Campophagidae. 
quills below greyish black, becoming pure white on the inner webs where they 
rest. upon the sides of the body; tail below black, the concealed bases of the feathers 
white (near Manado [cf], Aug. — Sept. 1892: Nat. Coll. — 0 10885; Kurukan, (f, 
15. VIII. 84: Platen in Mus. Nehrkorn — Nr. 935). “Iris dark umber; feet black; 
bill pale blue, commissure paler” (Doherty c 74). 
Adult female. Above slate-grey with a slight olive tinge, shafts of the feathers blackish; 
lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and concealed bases of tail-feathers 
wliite; wings and tail black, the wing-coverts bordered with the grey of the upper 
surface; lores blackish; sides of head, chin, throat and chest uniform with the 
grey upper surface, but paler, passing into pure white on lower breast, and 
remaining under parts; wings and tail below as in the male (near Tondano [Ql, 
Nug.- — Sept. 1892: Nat. Coll. — C 10807; Minahassa, Q, 8. V. 86: Platen in Mus. 
Nehrk. — Nr. 1275). “Iris dark umber; feet blacldsh; bill pale blue, commissure 
darker” (Doherty c 14). 
Immature male. The black parts of the plumage of the adult male replaced by dark slaty, 
except the wings and tail which are black, but the latter tipped with cinnamon white, 
the inner quills broadly bordered with white, the longer ones edged with cinnamon; 
the rest as in the adidt (Mantehage 23. IV. 93: Nat. Coll. — C 12154). 
Immature ffemalell. Tipper surface lilce that of the adult female, but the inner quills bordered 
with wliite; entire under surface, including chin, throat and breast, white as in the 
adult male (near Tondano [§], Aug.— Sept. 1892: Nat. Coll. — C 10805). 
Measurements (7 adults, (f and Q). Wing 174— 180 mm; tail 127—140; tarsus 23— 25 ca.; 
bill from nostril (5 examples) 20.5 — 22.5. (3 immature): wing 164 — 169; tail 128 — 136; 
tarsus 24 ca. ; bill fr. nostr. 20—21. 
Breeding habits. Unknown. 
Distribution. Celebes and the islands off the coast: Minahassa (Wallace c 6, Eiedel c 9, 
etc.;; Gorontalo Distr. (Meyer c 7); Banka Id., and Mantehage Id. (Nat. Coll, in 
Dresden Mus.); Togian Islands (Meyer c 7); E. Celebes (Nat. Coll.); Kandari, S. 
E. Celebes (Beccari c 5); Tawaya, W. Celebes (Doherty c 14). 
Ihis Campophaqo — or Cuckoo-shrike, as Indian naturalists term these 
birds — is a very distinct species and was treated by Dr. Hartlaub as the 
only species representing his genus Artamides. Dr. Sharpe in the Catalogue of 
Birds, vol. IV, includes 1 5 more species under this generic name and others have 
been added since; 18 other species, to which a number of additions have since 
been made, are put in the genus Graucalus. Like Salvadori and others we 
prefer to keep them all in the genus Graucalus-, the character by which 
Dr. Sharpe distinguishes his Artamides — a somewhat longer bill — enforces 
an unnatural division, s]3ecies being found in the genus Artamides whose nearer 
allies are removed to the genus Graucalus. Nor does Graucalus hicolor seem 
worthy of generic separation. The adult male differs from all the other species 
of Graucalus in being black above (except on lower back and upper tail-coverts), 
but one sometimes has to look twice to distinguish the female from the female 
of Graucalus leucopj/gius of Celebes. The larger size and much larger hill and 
a white bases to the tail-feathers of G. hicolor serve to distinguish it. 
The bird in both sexes corresponds rather well with the coloration of the 
sexes of Lalage leucopggialis. 
