Birds of Celebes; Campopbagidae. 
T “ North Celebes and the islands off the coast 
In ialissi Hickson speaks of it as being as plentiful as the blackbirds and 
thrushes in English woods. It feeds, says Meyer f9), on ants, larvne, etc. 
G. Imcopygim is perhaps most nearly related to G. jJapuemis (Gni.) of the 
Mokiccas and Papuasia; somewhat further removed from G. javensis of Java From 
both It may be distinguished by its white rump. Its uniform plumage is a 
recent development of the genus Graucalns, as shown by the barred pattern of 
the young-. _ Several species of Graucalus have a barred under surface when 
an , an m this respect may be regarded as ancient forms. It is worthy of 
note that such forms occur both in the Oriental and Australian Regions for 
attention is thereby drawn — perhaps erroneously — to a period when Graucalus. 
as a bird with a ban-ed under surface, ranged from the Oriental countries to 
Australia, and the conclusion follows that it has since then become diiferentiated 
more or less highly into the local species of the present time. But a barred 
squamous plumage is also assumed by the Muscicapidae when young, and this 
pattern lu young of the Campophagidae is probably due to some affinity of the 
wo groups. It may be unprofitable to attempt to reconcile the two hypotheses. 
* 156. GRAUCALUS TEMMINOKI (S. Miill.). 
Blue Cuckoo-shrike. 
a Ceblepyns temminckii ('i; Miill., Verh.N. Comm. 1839, 191 ; (2) Sclil., Hdl. Dierk. 1857, 289. 
ampep aga temminckii Gray, Gen. B. I, 1846, 283, Nr. 23; ( 2 ) Finsch, N. G. 1866, 
(nec Sula); f3) Gray, HL. 1869, I, 337, pt.; (4) Eos., Mai. Arch. 1878, 273 
Graucalus temmincki rG Bp., Consp. 1850, I, 354; (2) Hartl., J. 1 0. 1864, 446, pt. 
9^/7 ) M f vv i Hartert, Kat. Vog. Slg. Senckb. Mus. 1891, 
7 ' ^ Hrestl. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 9; (8) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 15 ! 
' ^878, in, 363; id., Cat. B. 
“Masna, b-’ « ’ HN. Guinean, pi. 2 (1880); (4J W.Blas., J.f.0. 1883, 137. 
Maspas biru . Minahassa, Nat. Coll.; -Tulia”, Tonkean, E. Celebes, Nat. Coll 
and descriptions. Walden 777; Gould c 777; Hartlaub 5; Sharpe u 2. 
occiput and nape washed with purpbsb or eampanula- 
iue tail darker blue; remiges dusky, the exposed webs blue bke tlie back; lores, 
win™* nostril, chin and malar region next the bill black; under 
“Iris’ liffbtYl below dusky smoke-grey; tail below black, 
lig t blue (ci>, above Tomohon, N. Cel. 16. ni. 94: Sarasin Coll.). 
ruk.„, 3 C ^4 -t.) Ss).*'' ^ 
F,male. J"® '"Ms like the male, but is of a less bright blue and the bill 
lb siiiailei (2 Tomobon, Sarasin Coll.). 
Variation. The single specimen sent to the Dresden Museum from the Eastern Peninsula is 
tbe'latte^" Tim'd tl‘an in 
• The difterence may be individual, but is more hkely racial in character. 
